content OF Theories

Question 1

Barthes codes narrative

Answer 1

Semiotics.
Texts can be open or closed 
5 codes:
-enigma code
-action code
-semantic code
-symbolic code 
-cultural code

Question 2

Enigma code

Answer 2

Mystery in text
Dropped clues
No clear answer
Adds audience curiousity

Question 3

Action code

Answer 3

Interpret what is to come next
Advances narrative
Builds tension

E.g. pointed gun = someone will b killed

Question 4

Semantic code

Answer 4

Denotation and connotation

Gives additional meaning to denotative meaning

Question 5

Symbolic code

Answer 5

Organises meanings into broader and deeper sets of meanings

Typically done via binary opposites

Question 6

Cultural code

Answer 6

Anything in text that refers to an external body of knowledge

Question 7

Open text

Answer 7

Multiple interpretations

Question 8

Closed text

Answer 8

One intended interpretation

Question 9

Todorov narrative

Answer 9

5 stages- story can start at any stage and have multiple distractions

• equilibrium
• disruption
• recognition of disruption
• repair of disruption
• new equilibrium

Question 10

Equilibrium

Answer 10

Establishes main character before anything happens.

Calm before the storm

Question 11

Disruption

Answer 11

A complication

Question 12

Recognition of disruption

Answer 12

Key characters realise there is a complication

Question 13

Repair of disruption

Answer 13

Characters struggle to deal with the disruption and restore equilibrium

Question 14

New equilibrium

Answer 14

Back to normal
Peace is restored
Different to original equilibrium

Question 15

Propp theory

Answer 15

Importance of characters within narrative
8 profiles
-hero 
-villain
-princess
-father
-dispatcher
-donor
-sidekick
-false hero

Question 16

Hero

Answer 16

Has a mission/quest to complete

Protagonist

Question 17

Villain

Answer 17

Antagonist

Tries to stop the hero

Question 18

Princess

Answer 18

Love interest and/or object of the quest

Question 19

Father

Answer 19

Person with knowledge

Question 20

Dispatcher

Answer 20

Sends hero off on quest

Question 21

Donor

Answer 21

Gives the hero something to help them

Question 22

Sidekick

Answer 22

The helper (typically not as handsome as hero)

Question 23

False hero

Answer 23

Villain that pretends to be good in order to trick the hero

Question 24

Campbell

Basic hero narrative of

Answer 24

Most narratives follow the same narrative stages and contain universally recognisable characters/situations

Archetypes

• character
• situation
• symbol

Question 25

Archetypes

Answer 25

Recurring character types/ relationships and patterns of symbols/situations

Question 26

Character archetypes

Answer 26

``` Hero Shadow Outcast Devil figure Wise old men Woman figure Seductive dangerous figure Platonic ideal ```

Question 27

Situation archetypes

Answer 27

Quest, initiation, fall, battle

Question 28

Symbol archetypes

Answer 28

Light/dark Water/desert Heaven/hell

Question 29

Levi-Strauss binary opposition

Answer 29

The way we understand certain words depends on our understanding of the difference between the word and it's opposite Structures and drives narrative Binary opposites are never equal, one is always more favoured than the other

Question 30

Neale repetition and difference

Answer 30

Genres identified by audience expectations and common conventions A text must require repetition to keep within a genre But difference to appear unique and interesting Requires a USP

Question 31

Chandler | What makes a genre

Answer 31

Depends on our purposes Constitutes particular conventions of content Iconography and sense of belonging

Question 32

Goodwin music video

Answer 32

5 aspects - thought through beat - relation between music and visuals - narrative/performance of the song - star image - technical aspect

Question 33

Thought through beat

Answer 33

Analysing music structure Unique voice of artist The story trying to be told

Question 34

Relation between music and visuals

Answer 34

Promotes a song in three ways - illustrate (explains meaning of lyrics) - disjuncture (ignores meaning of song) - amplify (repeated images to drum meaning into audience)

Question 35

Narrative/performance of the song

Answer 35

- artists involvement in video | - looks realistic and adds personal connection

Question 36

Star image

Answer 36

Artist is centre of attention