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Question 1

what is the relationship between biomass and energy?

Answer 1

when one organism eats another, the biomass will get transferred to energy and this organism will obtain the energy

Question 2

why does the energy decrease through every level of the food chain?

Answer 2

because through every organism that the energy gets passed through, there is some energy that gets wasted via excretion or exercise or some of the organism isn’t eaten properly

Question 3

efficiency of transfers between organism

Answer 3

energy transferred to next level ÷ total energy in × 100

Question 4

what happened to YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK when the wolves we added?

Answer 4

• deer population grew
• trees grew
• rivers and streams became more free flowing
• birds came and beavers came into the park

the wolves increased biodiversity and this is the effect of a biotic factor

Question 5

what is the relationship between the numbers of predators and prey?

Answer 5

there are always less predators than there are prey

Question 6

how can you see the effect of an abiotic factor?

Answer 6

you can use a belt transect and measure the population of species along the transect and this can indicate a change in the environment

Question 7

what is the effect of deforestation?

Answer 7

deforestation on a mass scale → animals lose their habitat → area loses BIODIVERSITY

Question 8

what are some conservation methods of deforestation?

Answer 8

introducing laws and legislations

Question 9

what is parasitism?

Answer 9

when a parasite takes nutrients from its host

Question 10

what it called when both the host and parasite benefit from parasitism?

Answer 10

a mutual relationship. e.g. birds and crocodile teeth

Question 11

what is fish farming?

Answer 11

fish such as salmon and trout can be kept in large cages. here their growing conditions can be carefully controlled

Question 12

what happen in fish farms?

Answer 12

• they are fed a high protein diet to make them fat
• chemicals are added to prevent diseases
• there are no predators so they can’t get eaten

Question 13

what are some of the benefits of fish farming?

Answer 13

• attract tourists who like to salmon farm
• new technology means that there are no diseases
• cheap to produce, lots of profit

Question 14

what are some of the negatives of fish farming?

Answer 14

• harming the wild stock
• parasite called sea lice can affect the fish before it is cooked and therefore chemicals are used to kill sea lice
• using chemicals destroys the environment and increases pollution so tourists no longer come

Question 15

how do biotic factors affect an ecosystem?

Answer 15

with things such as competition and predation, it means that the population decreases as organisms will die from hunger and get eaten

Question 16

how do abiotic factors affect an ecosystem?

Answer 16

if the temperature isn’t correct for the organisms, they will eventually die. if light intensity isn’t right, it ill affect the rate of photosynthesis for plants meaning they will eventually become lip

Question 17

what is the importance of interdependence in a community?

Answer 17

it is important to see how different organisms impact each other with competition

Question 18

what are non-indigenous / non-native species?

Answer 18

species that weren’t originally in this country

e.g. grey squirrel, crayfish

Question 19

what are the benefits of non-native species?

Answer 19

• increases biodiversity

- they help the soil erosion

Question 20

what are the negatives of non-native species?

Answer 20

• there are less prey and possibly more predators more competition so it decreases biodiversity
• disrupts environmental balance

Question 21

what is the benefit of biodiversity?

Answer 21

Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, all have an important role to play. For example, A larger number of plant species means a greater variety of crops. Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

Question 22

why do materials decay?

Answer 22

because they are broken down by microorganisms or decomposers (bacteria and fungi)

Question 23

where do microbes work best?

Answer 23

in warm, moist and aerobic (with oxygen) conditions

Question 24

why is decay good for plants?

Answer 24

the decay process releases substances that plants need to grow

Question 25

why is deforestation bad for the atmosphere?

Answer 25

most of the energy we use comes from burning fossil fuels. These release carbon dioxide when they burn. So the increasing use of energy is leading to increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.