Content Flashcards

1
Q

Where does poetry importance come from?

A

Inherent:
Power to imprint on the memory makes it the preferred tool for cultures to preserve information they want to be remembered.

Culturally Assigned
The most valuable and high-status utterances have been made thru poetry (propehecy)

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2
Q

3 Steps of Close Reading

A

1)What does it say
2)How does it say it
3)How does it mean

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3
Q

What does it say?

A

Summary and Paraphrase
-Context is less important than what the words say, although som context (genre, info about author and audience) is helpful to understand words

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4
Q

How does it say it?

A

Analyze the form in as many ways as you can
-Verse form. sound effects, word choice, style, tone, register, imagery, symbolism

-No context

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5
Q

How does it mean

A

Bring context back: What intervention in its culture is the poem or song making
-What is the claim
-Why is it significant
-THEME

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6
Q

What makes a given poem or song unique, powerful, or meaningful?

A

How that the theme is conveyed

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7
Q

What is a sonnet and what are the types?

A

14-line poem

English/Elizabethan/Shakesperean-3 quatrains plus a couplet

Italian/Pertachan
-Octave (set of 8 lines) + a sestet (set of six lines) with a turnaround at the beginning of the setset

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8
Q

Dionne Brand Thirsty

A

Canadian Poet, Toronto Poet Laureate

-Thirsty is a continuous poem broken into numbered units that use various verse forms

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9
Q

What are commons pronouns used in poetry

A

First (I and we) MOST
Third (he, she, it, they)

Very irregular is Second (you) can refer to more than one thing
-Singular
-Plural (group but individual)
-Impersonal

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10
Q

Why bother with rhytm and meter

A

-The elements poets can manipulate to make meaning and produce effects

-Metre is the main characteristic that defines poetry

-If your are not attuned to rhythm and metres when you read a poem, then you are reading prose.

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11
Q

Effect of Terminal truncation

A

Line is cut off prematurely, given the effect that something is unfished, uneasy and cut short

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12
Q

What usually happens in there is chaos at the beginning of lines

A

The ends of the lines resolve the same

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12
Q

Why may lines get longer?

A

Coorelate to emotion, feeling and context

Keep it coold and geting more chaocti

Short and then opening up

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12
Q

What effects can varying theme do? x3

A

1)Sound effects
2)Pace
3)Meaning

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13
Q

Quantitative Verse

A

Syllable length, not stress, determines rhythm (how long sullables take to say)

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13
Q

Qualitative verse

A

Stressed syllablus come at regular intervals
-Acentual meter, aceentual sullabic meter

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14
Q

Enjambment

A

No end punctuation, flows from one line to the next as opposed to end-stopping

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15
Q

Dub Poetry

A

Lillian Allan
-Jamaican dance hall culture, which DJs improvise rhythmically over all music
-Written not improvised but has a musical accompainment: heard not read

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16
Q

Sprung Rhythm

A

Gerald Manely Hopkins
-Stress-timed verse
-Line constructed around stressed syllanles, accompanied by a variable number of unstresssed syllabiles, fixed number of feet per line

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17
Q

Gil Scott-Heron

A

Major influence on hip-hop
-Whitey on the moon
-Spoken word over musical rhythm and draws influence from hazz, R and B and Soul

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18
Q

What is spoken word?

A

Oral performance art
-Prose or comedy with or without music
-Gestures and ability to here

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19
Q

What is the purpose of spoken word?

A

create and experience for the audience that is vivid and involving
-emboidied
-aural
-didactic
-controversial

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20
Q

Embodied

A

Speaker is infront of you, with visable markers of identity and ability to use gesture and communicate, not art form is less impersonal

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21
Q

Aural

A

Reliance on sound effects to give words greatest possible impact

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22
Assounence
Stress syllables close together
23
Didactic
Speakers have a short time to change ur thinking about something, so rely on rhetorical technoqies (repition, satire, outrage_ chosen to max persiasivness
24
satire
exaggeration
25
Controversial
Subject matter frequently focuses on identity, racism, trauma, althoigh anyone can do spoken word, it has acquired association woth giiven voice to those marginalized
26
What are tropes of association?
Very commonly-used figures of speech. -Common in spoken word and slam poetry
27
Metonymy
Substitution of the name of an attribute or an adjunct for the name of the thing Instead of calling something by proper name, you cjoose to refcer to something associated with it or added onto ot -Did winnipeg win last night?
28
Why Metonymy
Makes a statement more vivid and concise Focuses your attention on concrete and salient details Makes you think about things in a certain way (assert unity)
29
Synecdoche
Substitution of a part for a whole or the whole for a part (including in processes) -All hands on deck -The gov. made a statement -that guy is a asshole
30
Why synecdoche
Focus attention. on a particular detail that it asserts is definitive and often belittling ways Alter our perception of the relationship between indviduals and institutions, alter our understanding process
31
Difference between synecdoche and Metonymy?
S: X is part of Y M: X is associated with Y
32
Stereotyping
Imposition of a false uniformitu onto a group -Metonymy: Claims that certain characteristics are universally shared by members of that group, and that those characteristics are definitive -Synecdoche: Can single out an indv. from a group and assert that the indvidual prossesses certain charaterstics based on membership of the group
33
Anaphora (repeats at beginning of lines) effect
Importance or pressure -Expectation and change
34
What is a feature all poems share
Voice
35
Voice of a song
Lyrics and songs are associated with the author especially in singin as voice gives meaning
36
The speaker is often a
Persona, misunderstand poem if we fail to perceive that
37
Why is persona poetry important? What does it allow?
Allows writers to inhabit an identity other than their own, to be freed from the necessity of being themselves and to imagine other perspectives -Sympathy and understanding: how the speaker came to hold a particular view of identity -Critque: How an ostensibly admirable or socially sanctioned identity rests on some dark emotion or trauma
38
What genre is a persona
Dramatic Monologue
39
Monologue
Only one voice speaking, presents a single consciousness to the reader
40
Dramatic
Occurs in a specific situation, which must be inferred from what the voice says The situation usually involves the pursuit of some goal or some conflict
41
Dramatic Monologues are associated with what? Robert Browning
Fiction Present a fictional persona, whose words give us a sense of that persona's inner reality in ways that feel unrealistic. Must infer charatcer based on speakers own words Moments of relvelation, speaker lets something slip Reveals true character beneth performance
42
Enjambent can have what effect
Make things odd, controversial tpone
43
PUN
Exploying different meanings of the word
44
Metaphor
Compares two different things drowning in work
45
Simile
Compares two different things using like or as
46
Juxtaposition
2 Opposites side by side
47
Antithesis
Contrasting parallel structres represemts absolute processes REPREsents of opposiyes
48
Parallel Sturcture
Using similar words phrases or clauses to express similar ideas
49
Why is voice needed in Patricia smith skinhead
Cuz the speaker/persona is a white man and she is a black women, adds effect
50
Why is voice/sound needed in Tom Waits, Shore Leave?
At the end it sound gives insight to how the man is unwell, without that we would just know he misses his wife
51
What is the effect of using first and thrid person speech in poem like Living in SIn
Feel the speakers Disilllusionmet but alos gives outside perspective Would need a voice that can flit in and out of the woman's conciousness, could not be a lyric
52
What is a closed/fixed form?
Include regularly recurring features, which give some predictability -Repeating units (STANZA), line length, rhythmic patter, sound effect -Only one needs to occur to call it closed -However these features will not have meaning to the poem themselves
53
A sonnet is what type of poem
Closed
54
What is open form/free poetry
Include any features or not but it wont include them consistently or regulary -Nor predictability
55
In open poetry what is the effect of a feature
Has a significant effect, put there for a reason
56
Open form or Closed form easier to right
Closed, with open everything needs to have a reason
57
Resources open form use
Features on a page that cannot be seen spoken -Caps, Manipulation of white space
58
Holy Sonnet 14 Form to Meaning
Speaker yearns for proof of god to exist HOW: Earning Language that evokes violence and sexual violence (ravish me, break me, blow, burn. Love = Pleasant and then Enemy (back to violence) Doesn't want religion to be safe and cerebral: he wants emotional and physical involving all of his being, as human love
59
Thirsty Form from Meaning
Enjament makes it a continous thought but also a confusing (seperate stanzas) You used which can mean more than one thing. General to specific, gets more intimate as it goes You= (General)Pleasent and bliss (specific) Intimate I= Indequecy General: Please but still I back connecting with group Spring darkness if forgiving:Forgiving Cirtisiszing self: Isolation and incapacity Flying when I can: Forgiving The world, and reflect and realize do what you can You to I -Corresponds with subject matter of poem -general experience (you), to intimate experience (you), to isolation (i) and than reconnecting with group (i)
60
We Real Cool Form to Meaning
RHYTHM Spondee creates a harshness -Effects tone, and slows you down, strutting, seems cool Unstressed at end seems continous until Terminal Truncation ends preamturely, such as the reader life (die soon) Allteration creates a harshness in sound effects
61
Green Eyes Erykah Badu Form to Meaning Rhythm
Lines get progressively longer Iamic diameter, tetrameter, pentameter Could relate to her emotions Control at the beginning but mentions new friend and starts to become more jealous, less cool
62
One Poem Town Form to Meaning
Sound effects to portray aggression but counter intuative the poetry being described is not what is classic, but saying the claim to classic and stuck in ways Several Spondess give an emphasizing effect and dramatic, yelling at you vibe, uncomfortable and aggressive Own Horse Town, remote lacking diversity and wealth, implying that this mindset is impoverished
63
Gods Grandeur form to meaning
Depicts gods power using rhythm and sound effects Spondee/ lots of stressed syllables = elongating the words/lines and seem powerful and heavy like god Have trod, have trod, have trod, bleared, smeared, with toil mans smell, the soil Lines slow and heavy because they contrast human civiliazation (dull and dreaded) to the natural world alive with gods energy
64
Whitey on the moon form to meaning
The poem gradually blames whitey for the problems Starts with a solid verse form, quatrians of iambic tetrameter but then 8 line stanza of complaints shows no refrain and blaming whitey for probems.
65
What kind of asian are you form to meaning
The repetition/anaphora of "Let me tell you" shows the importance and aggression Transfer and conflict of the stereotype of what society inflicts versus what is true, let me tell you myself And I still feel: shows the empowerment that despite the bad he still feels proud
66
My Last Dutchess form to meaning
Jealously of his wife seems admiring and then not, it seems like he killed her out of jealousy. Prefers her dead, where she can't do or say anything Enjambment: Creates a controversial tone, obscures rhyme and rhythm: Seemingly friendly situation at odds with the subject manner Personification: of the painting -Collapse of distinction between the person and the representation of the person emphasizes the dukes power as a patron Possessiveness: Mine, I Can't separate her behaviour from the process of turning women into art Symbolism: Duke values things for what they represent, dutchess for what they are
67
4 women form to meaning
Parallel structure in comparing the 4 women, hair, skin town, attribuye, question about name, name stated twice All fit stereotypes except the last one, black women who doesnt fit a sterotype angry, but her name is peaches (name doesnt equal stereootype) -Also a change in structure doesnt have parallel structure, no hair comment All of the 4 deny women full humanity, by describing how they look and a small part of their life that doesnt describe their humanity (rather something superficial) anger, cater to men, etc
68
Shore Leave form to meaning
Voice: You would never understand the pain and insanity he feels about missing his woman if you didn't hear the last lines. I would think just a man, a love letter and sad. This adds a level of insanity you can't get in words Uses situation and setting to create a atmosphere that infers the speakers emotions are blank.
69
Skinhead form to meaning
Voice: She is speaking but the persona is not her. Interesting as it is a white man rather than who she is (black woman) -Exactly the type of person the speaker may target Could create sympathy using accident but removes it by using racial slurs and terms He is living in squalid conditions, and violence is appauing. zThese are used to justify his view and action using vigilante mission or religion to reinterprod these signs of deprivation and beautiful.
70
Living in Sin form to meaning
Voice is important: -Times speaker is close to being in the woman's head -Other times speakers says things that the woman could not be conscious of (Outsider) -Makes you feel her disllusioment but also gives a outsider perspective that allows the reader to understand the theme (full story) Break rules (convential living) but unless you also break the roles (gender) you recreate the same conventions you tried to escape Ironic title as they are not living in sin, but rather break convection by not getting married but still follow teh convential roles. (not a sin)
71
e.e. cummings In Just/balloon man form to meaning
Open form SIngle words on lines, different spacing, Childhood and adolence turining into something else (see differences in sturcture in last stanza), -No description of spring, or what the children names or what they are doing -We need to decide Ballonman becomes more strange and sinsister ofer the course of the poem Adjective: Little and lame, to old and queer to goat-footed (pan god). mroe and more of a threat. -Around children, lack of them being there as it gets worse
72
Queer form to meaning
Your are expected to hide from others but you cannot hide from yourself (being gay) or else self distructive -Asserts a life lived with integrity (coming out) even though is right, will not necessarily be without pain -Structure: Shows pain, short groupings of lines, that imply pain and that he must overcome resistance to speak his mind