Content

Question 1

Stratigraphy: Steno’s three principles

Answer 1

1.superposition
2.original horizontality
3.origional continuity

Question 2

Stratigraphy: Cross cutting relationships

Answer 2

If a geological feature cross-cuts another, the feature that has been cross-cut it older.

Question 3

Stratigraphy: inclusions

Answer 3

If a rock contains fragments of another, the fragments are older

Question 4

Stratigraphy: baked contacts

Answer 4

the rock being back is older than the one responsible for the baking

Question 5

Stratigraphy: way up structures - graded bedding

Answer 5

Graded beds decrease in grain size as age decreases

Question 6

Stratigraphy: way up structures - ripples

Answer 6

The ripple peak points upwards

Question 7

Stratigraphy: way up structures - cross bedding

Answer 7

Cross bed are concave way up

Question 8

Stratigraphy: way up structures - sole marks

Answer 8

Sole marks are concave way up, with the deepest part in the upstream direction. They are filled with younger sediments

Question 9

Stratigraphy: way up structures - load casts

Answer 9

Load casts are concave way up as the dense sediments sink.

Question 10

Stratigraphy: way up structures - flames

Answer 10

Flames’ peak points upwards as the less dense sediment is squished upwards by the dense sediment.

Question 11

Record: 4 types of unconformities

Answer 11

1. angular
2. non-
3. dis-
4. paraun-

Question 12

Record: angular uncomformities

Answer 12

Shown via different orientations of rock layers. Underlying older rocks have a different orientation

Question 13

Record: nonconformities

Answer 13

Intrusive igneous/metamorphic rock is exposed due to erosion. Sedimentary rocks are then deposited and juxterpose the strata below.