Content Flashcards
What are the idiosyncratic requirements of cats?
- High protein diet
- Taurine (for nerve growth & reproductive development)
- Argentine (removal of ammonia created by amino acids to avoid toxicity)
- Vit A (cats can’t convert B-carotene into the active form of vitamin A)
- Niacin (can’t convert Tryptophan into Niacin)
- Low tolerance to carbs and starch (due to lack of amylase in the small intestine)
What may cause nutrient deficiency?
Sometimes minerals can form substances that can’t be digested. Eg, when copper binds with Molybdenum and Sulphur, CuMoS4 is created which cannot be digested, thus leading to a deficiency of copper.
Calcium
Associated with healthy bones and teeth. Also helps prevent blood clots and aids muscle contractions.
Deficiency = reduced bone strength, twitching.
Excess = kidney stones, excessive thirst/urination
Phosphorous
Involved in growth, maintenance and repair of tissue and cells and the production of DNA and RNA.
Deficiency = decreased heart and brain function.
Excess = pulls calcium from the bone, creating deposits in the heart and lungs.
Magnesium
Muscle and nerve function and energy production.
Deficiency = involuntary muscle contractions and heart arrhythmia.
Excess = limits calcium ions causing abnormal heart rhythm and respiratory paralysis.
Copper
Healthy metabolism, strong bones and maintains nervous system functions.
Deficiency = poor growth, reproductive failure, anaemia, neuromuscular problems.
Excess = liver failure, blood in urine.
Selenium
Makes DNA and protects against cell damage.
Deficiency = weakness, trouble eating and breathing.
Excess = muscular degeneration, loss of fur.
Fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E and K. They are easily stored in the body so can build up in the liver and cause toxicity.
Water soluble vitamins
Vit C. Water soluble so are easily absorbed in the small intestine and don’t cause toxicity.
Vitamin A
Beta-carotene is absorbed in the small intestine and converted into active vitamin A.
Helps with eyesight and skin quality. Excess can lead to birth defects, liver damage and bone thinning.
Vitamin B
Metabolises fats, carbs and proteins. Deficiency leads to malfunction of the nervous system and excess leads to peripheral neuropathy (loss of feeling).
Vitamin D
Deficiency causes rickets and bone disease. Excess calcium can weaken bones and damage the heart and kidneys via deposits.
Vitamin E
Antioxidant. Protects cells from free radicals by donating electrons to molecules that are unpaired). Protects cell membranes from lipid oxidation. Excess causes muscle weakness and bleeding. Deficiency causes impaired reflexes.
Protein requirements of cats and dogs
Kittens 60% protein requirement for maintenance. Puppies 30%.
Adult cats 26%. Adult dogs 12%.
Energy requirements of dogs
Active/young = 140kcal x kg BW ^0.75
Old/inactive = 100kcal x kg BW^0.75