Content 1: Biological Flashcards
(1) The ability of a postsynaptic neuron to respond to the presence of a particular neurotransmitter that is released from a neighboring presynaptic neuron is dependent on which of the following conditions?
(A) The storage of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron.
(B) The ability of the neurotransmitter to penetrate the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron.
(C). The presence of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron that have an affinity for that particular neurotransmitter.
(D) Whether or not the neurotransmitter is excitatory or inhibitory.
(E) Whether or not the postsynaptic neuron has an axon that is myelinated.
(C). The presence of receptors on the postsynaptic neuron that have an affinity for that particular neurotransmitter.
(8) Which of the following is chemically similar to opiates, has the ability to reduce pain, and is blocked by the action of naloxone?
(A) Norepinephrine (B) Acetylcholine (C) Serotonin (D) Endorphin (E) Dopamine
(D) Endorphin
(9) When stress is prolonged, the most likely result is:
(A) generalized weakening of the immune system.
(B) damage to brain areas within the pons and medulla.
(C) an increase in the level of naturally produced endorphins.
(D) intensification of the effects of natural killer cells.
(E) an increase in the number of T cells.
(A) generalized weakening of the immune system.
(27) The visual pathway that tells us what we are looking at is called the:
(A) corticospinal tract (B) solitary tract (C) spinothalamic tract (D) dorsal stream (E) ventral stream
(E) ventral stream
(32) Rapid eye movements are closely associated with which of the following?
(A) Alpha waves (B) Delta waves (C) Dreaming (D) Apnea (E) Stage II sleep
(C) Dreaming
(34) If a psychological disorder has a genetic basis, one would expect to find the highest concordance rate for the illness between which of the following?
(A) Mother and child (B) Father and child (C) Identical twins (D) Fraternal twins (E) Nontwin siblings
(C) Identical twins
(40) Kyle mixes his blue paint with Jamie’s yellow paint. The resulting green color occurs because:
(A) equal stimulation of the blue receptors and the yellow receptors in the eyes produces the sensation of green
(B) blue wavelengths and yellow wavelengths add together to make green wavelengths
(C) the blue and the yellow absorb all the other wavelengths except green
(D) paints involve additive rather than subtractive mixing
(E) blue wavelengths and yellow wavelengths subtract red wavelengths equally to make green
(C) the blue and the yellow absorb all the other wavelengths except green
(50) Which of the following factors would best explain why monozygotic twins, raised together, nevertheless develop different personalities?
(A) Shared genetic material (B) Non-shared genetic material (C) Shared environments (D) Non-shared environments (E) Shared histories
(D) Non-shared environments
(60) Newlyweds Layla and Keith both have normal color vision, but Layla carries a recessive gene for color deficiency. Which of the following best describes the probabilities of color deficiency in their children?
(A) Half of their daughters will be color-deficient, but none of their sons will.
(B) Half of their sons will be color-deficient, but none of their daughters will.
(C) All of their sons and half of their daughters will be color-deficient.
(D) All of their daughters and half of their sons will be color-deficient.
(E) None of their children will be color-deficient.
(B) Half of their sons will be color-deficient, but none of their daughters will.
(61) An individual suffering from damage to Wernicke’s area would most likely exhibit which of the following behaviors?
(A) Impaired comprehension of language
(B) An inability to determine what is socially acceptable behavior
(C) An explosive temper with even slight provocation
(D) An inability to form new memories
(E) Uncontrollable tremor of the hands
(A) Impaired comprehension of language
(63) A fixed action pattern is defined as a response to a:
(A) secondary reinforcer (B) generalization gradient (C) conditioned stimulus (D) drop in reticular activity (E) sign stimulus
(E) sign stimulus
(65) Damaging the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats will:
(A) impair the ability to acquire spatial information
(B) reduce the threshold for pain resulting from injury to the limbs
(C) promote the development of maternal behavior in males
(D) interfere with the biological clock that is synchronized with light
(E) decrease aggressive behavior directed at rats of the same sex
(D) interfere with the biological clock that is synchronized with light
(70) According to evolutionary psychologists, which of the following is the primary reason that men tend to prefer as mates younger and more attractive women?
(A) These characteristics signal good health and ability to bear children.
(B) Modern societies all evolved from a single ancient culture in which the importance of these characteristics was noted.
(C) The believe that younger and attractive women tend to be especially attentive mothers is characteristic of many cultures.
(D) Young, attractive women arouse parental or caretaking impulses.
(E) Men’s preferences have been heavily shaped by images in the mass media.
(A) These characteristics signal good health and ability to bear children.
(75) The [triangle] figure above illustrates:
(A) a boundary extension (B) a geon (C) an illusory contour (D) a mach band (E) a texture gradient
(C) an illusory contour
(78) According to Johnston and Heinz’s multimode theory of attention, why is it dangerous to drive an automobile while talking on a cell phone?
(A) Driving is an automatic task, but talking require attention resources.
(B) Talking on the phone results in the filtering of all other stimuli, including those relevant to driving.
(C) People can both talk and drive effectively, but they will not be able to remember anything about either the phone conversation or events related to driving.
(D) Both talking and driving require attention resources, and adequate attentional resources may not be allocated to driving.
(E) Talking is an automatic task, but attentional resources need to be allocated to driving.
(D) Both talking and driving require attention resources, and adequate attentional resources may not be allocated to driving.
(79) The transformation of energy into electrical impulses is:
(A) neural processing (B) transduction (C) sensation (D) a difference threshold (E) an energy current
(B) transduction
