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Geography > Contemporary Urban Environments Keywords > Flashcards

Contemporary Urban Environments Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Urbanisation

A

The building up of urban areas due to an increase in population

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2
Q

Counter-Urbanisation

A

The movement of people out of urban areas ultimately reducing the population

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3
Q

Suburbanisation

A

The spread of people from the urban centre to the suburbs

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4
Q

Urban resurgence

A

The influx of people back into the centre of an urban area

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5
Q

Mega city

A

A city of 10 + million population

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6
Q

World city

A

A city that has global influence and links

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7
Q

De-industrialisation

A

The shutting down of industry within a city, that is generally historically linked to that city

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8
Q

De-centralisation

A

The movement outwards from urban areas

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9
Q

Urban form

A

The characteristics of a city

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10
Q

Post modern western cities

A

The mixing of modern and historical characteristics

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11
Q

Social segregation

A

Urban areas that are segregated racially

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12
Q

Urban heat island effect

A

When the urban characteristics of the city cause the city to be warmer

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13
Q

Particulate pollution

A

The amount of particulate g/cm in a city

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14
Q

SUDS

A

Sustainable urban drainage systems are schemes implemented to deal with drainage sustainably

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15
Q

Ecological footprint

A

The amount of pollution created

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16
Q

Edge cities

A

Suburbs that grow large enough to be a city in their own right

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17
Q

Fortress developments

A

Buildings that are built in a “defensive” structure to defend from potential terrorist attacks e.g. US Embassy

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18
Q

Economic segregation

A

Where two areas are segregated due to the cost of living in one area to that of another

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19
Q

Venturi effect

A

Where wind is channelised down the main high streets of cities due to the large skyscrapers

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20
Q

Smog

A

Where the particulate is so thick that is causes visual impairment

21
Q

Municipal waste

A

This is everyday rubbish

22
Q

Urban dereliction

A

Urban areas that fall in dereliction due to neglect and vandalism

23
Q

Water pollution

A

Pollution to water that is caused by pollutant inputs into the water cycle

24
Q

Sustainable cities

A

Cities that are low footprint, socially integrating and economically profitable

25
Q

Urban growth

A

The growing of the city due to migration

26
Q

Natural increase

A

When the birth rate exceeds the death rate raising the population

27
Q

International migration

A

Migration from abroad

28
Q

Rural-Urban migration

A

Migration from rural areas within the same country

29
Q

Push factor

A

A factor that pushes people to migrate eg. War, famine etc

30
Q

Pull factor

A

A factor that pulls people to migrate eg. Jobs, security etc

31
Q

Primary sector

A

The primary producer of goods

32
Q

Secondary sector

A

The manufacturer of goods

33
Q

Tertiary sector

A

The service sector eg. Finance

34
Q

Urban development corporations

A

Private investors that buy brownfield sites for redevelopment

35
Q

City challenge

A

Schema put in place by different city council’s to tackle poverty problems eg. Hulme city challenge in Manchester

36
Q

Burgess model

A

A concentric model with different zones starting with the CBD in the centre working its way out to the rural urban fringe

37
Q

Hoyt model

A

A concentric model but instead of zonal rings, intersecting areas some not even circular

38
Q

Multi nuclei model

A

A model where different sectors aren’t placed in rings but are dependent upon history and are integrated

39
Q

Peak land value intersection

A

This is where the land has the greatest value in the urban area, used for urban planning and building

40
Q

Distance decay model

A

The relationship between the distance and the interactions of people

41
Q

Gentrification

A

The renovating and rejuvenating of an area to make it nicer

42
Q

Wet points

A

Areas that have good water supplies

43
Q

Dry points

A

Areas that are far away from the risk of flooding, however this may change with sea level rise

44
Q

Gap towns

A

Towns located in between areas of high land

45
Q

Resources

A

The type of materials and minerals on hand

46
Q

Relief

A

The shape and gradient of the landscape

47
Q

Urban greening

A

This is where hedges and trees are planted in urban areas to reduce pollutions and make the area more pleasant

48
Q

Zoning of industry

A

This is where industry is all zoned together meaning that the whole city or other areas are affected by their pollution

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