Contemporary urban environments - definitions Flashcards
What is counter-urbanisation?
The movement of population and economic activity away from large urban centres into smaller urban settlements or rural areas.
What is cultural diversity?
The existence of a variety of different groups of people with contrasting beliefs, values, norms and behaviour within a society and the area it occupies.
What is decentralisation?
The movement of population and industry away from the urban centre to outlying areas. This process contributes to both suburbanisation and counter-urbanisation.
What is deindustrialisation?
The long term decline of manufacturing industry leading to significant social and economic change.
What does demographic refer to?
Relating to the structures and characteristics of populations and the processes they experience, e.g., migration.
What is dereliction?
The state of buildings, infrastructure and land having been abandoned and become dilapidated through lack of care and maintenance.
What is an edge city?
A modern urban form with a concentration of shops, offices and entertainment, which has emerged as an identifiable urban centre beyond the original city boundary.
What is fortress development?
An urban area designed around surveillance, protection and exclusion measures, all designed to increase security.
What is a gentrified area?
An area of a city that has been transformed from a run-down state and low property values to improved housing occupied by higher income groups.
What is liveability?
Aspects of urban living which make life more comfortable, affected by personal safety, political stability, natural amenities, cultural life, and employment opportunities.
What is a megacity?
A city or urban agglomeration with a population of more than 10 million people.
What are particulates?
Tiny particles, such as dust or soot, largely given off when fossil fuels such as coal or oil are burned.
What is regeneration?
The process of urban or rural improvement, which may be economic, social or environmental or any combination thereof.
What is social cohesion?
The extent to which groups of people are connected, integrated and share common values.
What is social segregation?
The extent to which groups of people are separated from the larger population and from each other due to factors such as income, wealth, ethnicity, religion, class or age.
What is suburbanisation?
The outward expansion of existing urban area by the movement of people, services and employment towards the edges of an urban area.
What are sustainable cities?
Cities that are able to adapt to, mitigate and promote economic, social and environmental change, meeting the needs of their populations.
What are sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)?
An approach to managing rainfall by using natural processes in the landscape to reduce flooding, control flooding and provide amenities for the community.
What is the urban heat island effect?
The area around and above an urban area that experiences significantly warmer average temperatures than the surrounding rural areas.
What is urban policy?
Strategies by local or central government to manage the development of urban areas and reduce problems they experience.
What is urban resurgence?
The movement of population and economic activity back into an area that was previously in decline, reviving the area.
What is a waste stream?
The complete flow of waste from its source through to recovery, recycling or disposal.
What is a world city (global city)?
Cities that have influence on a global scale by virtue of their history, size, connectivity and role in the global economic system.
