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Geography > Contemporary Urban Environments > Flashcards

Contemporary Urban Environments Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of urbanisation

A

The increase of the proportion of people moving to urban areas.

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2
Q

What are some general qualities of urban areas

A
  1. ) towns and cities
  2. ) high population density
  3. )majority of employment not in agriculture.
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3
Q

What are some general features of rural areas

A
  1. ) small villages, hamlets and areas of land.

2. ) low population density.

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4
Q

What is happening to the amount of people moving to urban areas globally

A

It’s increasing

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5
Q

In the past 500 years what rate was urabn population at

A

Relatively constant

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6
Q

What is happening to the rate of urbanisation

A

Decreasing

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7
Q

The rate of rural to urban migration is…..

A

Decreasing

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8
Q

What is happening to population growth in urabn areas…

A

Slowing

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9
Q

on a global scale are there more people living in urban areas or rural areas.

A

urban

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10
Q

what percentage of people live in urban areas

A

55

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11
Q

since 1950 what has the population of the world gone from and what is it now

A

750 million to 7.8 billion

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12
Q

What is happening to global urbanisation

A

continues to increase

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13
Q

What is happening more frequently to rural areas that surround urbanised suburban areas and what is the process called

A

they in turn are becoming more suburbanised- process called urban sprawl.

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14
Q

Why is urbanisation increasingly majorly

A

due to the high rates of migration from rural areas to urban areas.

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15
Q

What is suburbanisation.

A

Where urban areas grow so that rural settlements such as villages become absorbed into the urban areas and engulfed by the city.

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16
Q

When does suburbanisation usually occur.

A

Usually occurs when wealthier people decide to move away from the central city into the suburbs in searching for a better quality of life.

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17
Q

When urbanisation happens, and there is a larger population to accommodate, what is there a higher demand for.

A

suburbs and this hence increases the suburban area causing it to expand.

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18
Q

What is the major disadvantage with suburbanisation

A

can lead to inner-city area becoming deprived, and house prices within the suburbs increasing.

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19
Q

why are strategies to limit suburbanisation usually put in place

A

To limit urban sprawl.

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20
Q

What is an example of a strategy to limit suburbanisation

A

A green belt

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21
Q

What is a green belt

A

An area around a city where building is restricted in order to preserve rural areas.

22
Q

Why are green belts not always successful

A

As developers can work to remove green belt status in order to build on that land.

23
Q

What is counter- urbanisation

A

The process of people moving out of cities into rural areas.

24
Q

Why does counter-urbanisation typically take place.

A

as people seek for a better quality of life due to urban quality of life being unsatisfactory.

25
Q

why are there now less drawbacks when living in a rural area

A

Due to the advancements in modern technology and socio-economics

26
Q

What are push factors of urbanisation

A

Famine, drought, poor healthcare, isolation.

27
Q

What are pull factors of urbanisation

A

Opportunities, jobs, education, better healthcare, hope

28
Q

What are the push factors of counter-urbanisation.

A

Pollution, large industrial areas, economic decline, overcrowding.

29
Q

What are the pull factors of counter-urbanisation

A

Clean air, more space, countryside, better value housing.

30
Q

What are the advantages of urbanisation

A
  • population more likely to gain skills.
  • access to better healthcare.
  • city develops over time.
31
Q

What are the advantages of counter-urbanisation

A
  • Forces inner-city urban areas to regenerate or face collapse.
  • helps reduce overcrowding.
  • Helps reduce housing shortages.
32
Q

What are the disadvantages of urbanisation

A
  • Increase in unplanned housing posing a great risk to the population during natural disasters.
    Water pollution increases/
  • The poor are likely to be exploited.
  • Large social divide in cities.
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of counter-urbanisation

A
  • Higher rural house prices.
  • More traffic and congestion.
  • less public transport use in villages.
  • Conflict between the existing elderly population and the new residents.
34
Q

counter-urbanisation is increasing but is it higher than urbanisation rates.

A

no

35
Q

What is urban resurgence

A

The process of people moving back into the city, especially after the deterioration of areas.

36
Q

When does urban resurgence usually occur

A

when schemes are put in place that aim to improve the quality of life in the city area. Schemes encourage city centre to economically grow and regenerate.

37
Q

How does urban resurgence cause socio-economic inequalities

A

As gentrification and excess wealth in the newly redeveloped areas mean that the original population can struggle to keep up with higher hou

38
Q

What is a megacity

A

urban areas with a very high population, specifically a population of over 10 million people.

39
Q

How may megacities where there in 1950 and what where they.

A

2 - New York and Tokyo.

40
Q

how many megacities are there currently

A

33

41
Q

Why are megacities integral in contributing to national and regional economies.

A

As there large workforce allows for rapid economic growth compared to the rest of the country.

42
Q

What is a world city.

A

A city that has significant and economic influence on a global scale. Defined by their importance to world affairs and not size or population like megacities are.

43
Q

What are 3 examples of world cities

A
  • Tokyo
  • New York
  • London.
44
Q

What are world cities often hubs for

A

Banking and Finance.

45
Q

What things typically characterise a world city.

A
  1. ) Rich Culture
  2. ) Influence over social affairs.
  3. ) Connected to the world via excellent transport links.
46
Q

What are 5 process associated with urban change.

A
  1. ) Social.
  2. ) Demographic.
  3. ) Economic.
  4. ) Political.
  5. )Technological.
47
Q

How does urbanisation cause cities to change socially

A
  • People from different social and cultural backgrounds. -increase in multiculturalism - making cities more diverse
  • urbanised areas become cultural hubs - more museums, galleries, theatres and shopping centres.
  • Urbanisation improves access to different jobs, education, healthcare services etc.- increasing quality of life.
  • Provides access to a wide range of jobs - more income - positively affecting quality of life.
48
Q

How does urbanisation cause cities to change economically

A
  • Urbanisation leads to a shift in employment from primary sector to tertiary sector jobs. - increases in the amount of higher wage jobs - more economic development.
  • Rural-Urban migration associated with urbanisation brings a large population to urban areas. - more people working and contributing to the economy.
  • Urban growth leads the development of a range of businesses and industries.
  • Economic inequalities. - arise due to unsustainable urbanisation.- Cost of living becomes higher.
49
Q

How does urbanisation cause cities to change technologically.

A
  • Urban areas often become centres for technological advancements.
  • New technology is often introduced into cities at first as higher demand.
50
Q

How does urbanisation cause cities to change politically.

A
  • Central political institutions are always in the capital.

- Political movements are usually more prevalent in cities .

51
Q

How does urbanisation cause the city to change demographically.

A
  • Cities host a lot of cultural diversity, making the demographic more diverse.
  • Usually a demographic of young adults, as better education, social life and chance of employment.
  • Older people tend to move away from cities into the suburbs in search of better quality of life.

Geography (3 decks)

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