Contemporary Urban Environments Flashcards
mega city
population more than 10 million
millionaire city
1 million +
meta city
more than 20 million people
urban growth
increase in the number of urban dwellers
urbanisation
increase in proportion of a country population living in towns and cities
urban sprawl
spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside
counter urbanisation
movement of people from large urban areas into smaller urban areas or into rural areas
de centralisation
movement of population and industry from urban centre to outlying areas
deindustrialisation
loss of jobs in secondary sector
urban resurgence
regeneration of an area suffering decline
moving people back into urban areas
urban policy
strategies chosen by central or local government to manage development of urban areas and reduce urban problems
urban policy 1979-1991
emphasise on private sector to regenerate inner city areas
URBAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS E.G. LONDON DOCKLANDS
urban policy 1991-1997
focus on local leadership and partnership between private sector and local community
CITY CHALLENGE
urban policy 2000’s
narrowing gap between deprived areas and country
NEW DEAL FOR COMMUNTIES
Urban form
physical characteristics that make up built up areas
edge city
self contained settlement which has emerged beyond the original city boundary and developed as a city in it own right
fortress landscape
landscapes designed around security protection surveillance and exclusion
world city
cities that have great influence on a global scale because of financial status and worldwide commercial power e.g.g New York, London, Tokyo
flagship development
High streets that have more chain stores than independent stores.
ghetto
an area where the population is made up of the ethnic minority
temperature inversion
an abnormal increase in temperature with height in the troposphere
albedo
reflectivity of a surface. ratio of incoming insolation and energy reflected back to atmosphere
light reflect more than dark so have greater albedo
microclimate
small scale variations in temperature, precipitation humidity and wind speed and evaporation
photochemical pollution
form of air pollution that occurs mainly In cities. exhaust fumes become trapped by temp inversions. associated with high pressure weather systems
particulate air pollution
form of air pollution by the release of particles and noxious gases into the atmosphere
urban heat island
the zone round and above an urban area, which has higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas
postmodern western city
moving away from uniformity in architecture
SUDS
Sustainable urban drainage system
imitating natural drainage systems
types of SUDS
vegetated trenches, vegetated roofs and contatiners
why do types of waste n disposal vary between contuntries
economic / lifestyle;/ attitude
ways of managing urban waste
unregulated recycling incineration recovery burial submergence trade
urban derelication
economic activity in urban areas declines and and buildings become run down
