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Counseling > Contemplative Therapy > Flashcards

Contemplative Therapy Flashcards

0
Q

Yoga

A

A family of multimodal practices with sims similar to meditation. However, togas are more inclusive disciplines that also encompass ethics, lifestyle, body postures, diet, breath control, study and intellectual analysis

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1
Q

Meditation

A

A family of introspective self regulation practices that train attention and perception in order to bring mental processes under greater voluntary control and to foster mental capacities, wellbeing and maturation

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2
Q

Good news bad news understanding of the mind

A

Bad news - our ordinary state of mind is less controlled and functional than we think, which results in unnecessary suffering

Good news - we can train and develop our minds even beyond conventional levels

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3
Q

5 central assumptions underlying contemplative therapies

A
  1. Our usual state of mind is significantly uncontrolled, underdeveloped and dysfunctional
  2. The full extent of this dysfunction goes unrecognized because we all share it and it is self masking and distorts awareness
  3. Psych suffering is a result of this mental dysfunction
  4. Contemplative practices can be used to train the mind and reduce dysfunction and enhance wellbeing
  5. These claims can be tested for oneself
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4
Q

Developmental psychologists recognize what 3 levels of development

A
  1. Prepersonal (preconventional)
  2. Personal (conventional)
  3. Transpersonal (post conventional)
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5
Q

Startling conclusion of contemplative

A

We are only half grown and half awake

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6
Q

2 ways in which we can compare psychotherapeutic systems

A
  1. According to the developmental levels they aim to foster

2. The way in which they address pathological, existential and tans personal concerns

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7
Q

Consciousness

A

Our usual waking state is not optimal and more effective and functional states are available to us through contemplative training

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8
Q

The provocative claim made by contemplative psychologies about our consciousness leads us to ask what questions?

A
  1. In what ways is our usual waking state suboptimal?

2. How could we be unaware of its limitations?

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9
Q

Consciousness

A

We often daydream and become lost in thoughts. These thoughts are more distorting than we realize. Continual flux of unrecognized thoughts, images and fantasies. Result is a clouding and distortion of our daily experience that causes much of our mental suffering. The normal person is partly asleep and dreaming.

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10
Q

Monophasic

A

Culture that derives view of reality almost entirely from the usual waking state of consciousness

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11
Q

Polyphasic

A

Cultures that derive their view of reality from multiple states like dreams, meditations and yogas

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12
Q

Identity

A

Under microscopic examination, what was formerly assumed to be a relatively consistent, permanent self or ego is recognized as a continuously changing flux of thoughts, images and emotions. Our self is very different from our usual U examined assumptions. Illusory construction of imprecise awareness. Similar to the flicker phenomenon. We suffer from a mistaken case of identity. Our deep nature is not the contents of mind like thoughts or images, but that which underlies and is aware of them: pure awareness or consciousness

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13
Q

The deep identity of True Nature has what 3 aspects

A
  1. Recognition of oneself as blissful pure consciousness, aware of but no longer identified with the thoughts, images, morals and emotions
  2. Recognition that all people posses this same consciousness, that we are all united with them and naturally care for them
  3. As our self concepts and images are seen through, so too are the artificial boundaries and divisions they constructed, and we recognize our underlying interconnection and unity with all people
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14
Q

Peak experiences

A

Unitive ecstatic experiences. Can be deliberately induced with rituals, fasting, psychedelics or lovemaking. Can also occur spontaneously in nature. Glimpses of the mind’s potentials and our deeper nature, can produce significant insights and transformations. Transient, but mental training can transform them into enduring ways of life

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15
Q

Ego boundaries

A

Western clinicians usually see ego boundaries dissolve into the ego disintegration of psychoses. So sometimes healthy ego transcendence is confused with pathological ego disintegration and identified as pathological. But some western psychologists periodically rediscover unitive experiences and their benefits

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16
Q

Motivation

A

See motives as organized hierarchically from strong to weak, from survival to transcendence. Higher motives are part of our daily nature. Overlooking them produces pain and psychopathology.

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17
Q

Self transcendence

A

The desire to transcend our ususal false constricted identity, to awaken the fullness of our being, and to recognize our true nature.

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18
Q

Meta motives

A

Higher motives such as self actualization, self transcendence and selfless service

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19
Q

3 problems with metamotive blindness

A
  1. Our shallow, distorted views of ourselves become self fulfilling prophesies
  2. We starve ourselves of something vital to wellbeing
  3. We naturally assure that lesser motives like desires for money and sex are the only means to happiness
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20
Q

Postconventional development can produce exceptional psychological capacities. These capacities include what?

A
  1. Reduction of painful emotions like anger and fear. Increase in positive emotions like love and joy
  2. Cognitive development that proceeds beyond Piaget’s highest level of formal operational thinking to vision logic of network logic
  3. Motivation redirected to the higherar by so that motives like self transcendence grow stronger
  4. Mind’s ceaseless agitation can be stilled so that unwavering concentration and profound peace prevail.
  5. Wisdom develops through sustained reflection on existential issues like death and the causes of happiness and suffering
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21
Q

Vision logic or network logic

A

Sees interconnections between groups of ideas simultaneously

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22
Q

2 main categories of meditation

A
  1. Concentration meditation

2. Awareness meditation

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23
Q

Concentration meditations

A

Hold attention on a single stimulus like an image or sensations of breath. Develops the ability to focus and concentrate

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24
Q

Awareness meditations

A

Explore the ongoing flux of moment to moment experiences. Aim to cultivate sensitive awareness and use it to explore the nature of mind and practice. Produced insight and self understanding. Fosters mental health and maturation

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25
Q

Psychopathology

A

Focus on normal pathology. Psychopathology of the average, so U dramatic and widely spread that we don’t even notice it. Each contemplative system describes a long list of unhealthy mental qualities. Include emotional factors like hate and envy, motivational factors like addiction and selfishness, cognitive distortions like conceit and mindlessness, and Attentional difficulties like agitation and distract ability.

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26
Q

The three poisons

A

In Buddhism, the 3 causes of psychopathology

  1. Delusion
  2. Craving
  3. Aversion
27
Q

Delusion

A

Unrecognized mental dulness, mindlessness and unconsciousness. The mind clouded with delusion feels deficient and dissatisfied. Searches for substitute satisfactions

28
Q

Craving

A

Corresponds to our western concept f addiction of Ellis’ childish demandingness. We can become addicted to almost anything, including people and our self images

29
Q

Physical foursome

A
  1. Money
  2. Sex
  3. Power
  4. Prestige
30
Q

Iron chains

A

The physical foursome

31
Q

Golden chains

A

Addictions to ideals like always being good or never getting angry

32
Q

What is the difference between craving and desire

A

Desire is mere wanting, while craving is a compulsive necessity. Unfilled desires have little impact, but Unfilled addictions yield pain and psychopathology

33
Q

Mathematical formula to describe the relationship between psychological suffering and craving

A

Suffering (alpha) (sum sign that looks like a backwards 3) strength of craving x (reality - craved)

34
Q

What does the mathematical formula describing the relationship between suffering and craving mean

A

The amount of suffering in our lives is related to the strength of each craving multiplied by the gap between reality and what is craved. In other words, the greater the number of cravings, the stronger the cravings; and the greater the gap bw reality and what we crave, the more we suffer

35
Q

Aversion

A

A compulsive need to avoid or escape undesirable stimuli. Breeds reactions like anger, fear and defensiveness

36
Q

Contemplative traditions recognize what 2 possible strategies for responding to addictions

A
  1. Devote our lives to satisfying addictions, reinforcing and strengthening them
  2. Reducing and relinquishing. Addictions
37
Q

The contemplative ideal of health extends beyond conventional adjustment and encompasses what 3 shifts

A
  1. Relinquishment of unhealthy mental qualities like delusion, craving and aversion
  2. Development of specific healthy mental abilities and capacities
  3. Maturation to post conventional, transpersonal levels
38
Q

The central assumption underlying contemplative therapies

A

The mind can be rained so that unhealthy qualities diminish, healthy ones flourish, and development ensues

39
Q

7 different kinds of contemplative practices that cultivate 7 corresponding qualities of mind and behaviour

A
  1. Ethics
  2. Emotional transformation
  3. Redirecting attention
  4. Training attention
  5. Refining awareness
  6. Wisdom
  7. Altruism and service
40
Q

Ethics

A

Unethical behaviour is behaviour intending to inflict harm. It stems from and strengthens destructive qualities of the mind like greed, anger and jealousy. It deepens the karmic imprint on the mind, karma being the psych residue left by past behaviour.

Ethical Behavior, intended to enhance wellbeing of others, deconditions destructive mental factors while cultivating healthy ones like kindness, calm and compassion.

Ethics is not something imposed from without but rather something sight from within

41
Q

Emotional transformation

A

Not only do you reduce problematic emotions like fear, anger and jealousy but you cultivate positive emotions like love, joy and compassion. Cultivate beneficial emotions to remarkable levels. When agape flowers fully,bloor all creatures unconditionally and unwaveringly. Also fosters emotional intelligence

42
Q

Redirecting motivation

A

Motivation becomes less compulsive and more focused on what really matters. Less concern with material acquisition and more concern with metamotives. This motivational shift described as purification

43
Q

Training attention

A

While western psychology argued that attention can’t be sustained, contemplative argue that it can and it must

44
Q

Refining awareness

A

Makes perception, both external and internal, more accurate. Usually our awareness is insensitive and fogged, counter by indtability, emotions and desires.

Meditators day their perceptual processing becomes more sensitive and rapid, they empathy more accurate and introspection more refined

45
Q

Wisdom

A

Deep understanding of oneself and the central existential issues of life plus practical skill in responding effectively and benevolently. While knowledge is simply acquiring info, wisdom involves understanding it. Understanding existential issues like managing relationships and facing aloneness, dealing with sickness and suffering

46
Q

Altruism and service

A

Altruistic service is both a means to and an expression of wellbeing. Generosity informs the mind and giving inhibits harmful qualities like craving and jealousy. What we give to others we experience for ourselves. Helper’s high.

47
Q

Process of psychotherapy in contemplative

A

Short sessions of 20 minutes once or twice a day. Beginners realize how little control they have over their Attentional and cognitive processes.

48
Q

Name 2 contemplative exercises

A
  1. Visualization

2. Breath meditation

49
Q

The 6th stages of meditation practice

A
  1. Recognize how little control we have over our own mental processes
  2. Recognize habitual patterns (mental and behavioural)
  3. Refined awareness of deeper cognitive insights. Eg. Can see how a single thought can elicit emotions, colour perception and provoke muscle tension
  4. Emergence of a variety of exceptional capabilities
  5. Transpersonal experiences emerge, producing identification with others and compassionate concern for them
  6. Stabilization. Peak experiences extend into plateau experiences and transient capacities mature into permanent abilities
50
Q

Difficulties with contemplative practices

A

Emotional liability, psychosomatic symptoms, unfamiliar perceptual changes, and existential challenges

51
Q

Explanations of how contemplative therapies work are of 3 main types

A
  1. Metaphorical
  2. Process
  3. Mechanistic
52
Q

Metaphorical explanations

A

Awakening, purifying, unfolding, uncovering

53
Q

List the mechanisms suggested by contemplative traditions

A
  1. Calming the mind
  2. Enhanced awareness
  3. Disidentification
  4. Rebalancing mental elements
54
Q

Calming the mind

A

When the mind is settled, we have unbounded consciousness. Meditation produced relaxation response

55
Q

Enhanced awareness

A

Primary focus f Buddhist mindfulness and Taoist internal observation.

56
Q

Disidentification

A

Process by which awareness precisely observed and therefore ceases to unconsciously identify with mental content like thoughts, feelings and fantasies. The self is no longer identified with the thought, hypnotized by it.

57
Q

Rebalancing mental elements

A

Increases healthy factors and decreases unhealthy ones. 7 factors of enlightenment.

58
Q

The 7 factors of enlightenment

A

7 qualities of mind that when cultivated and balanced with one another, optimize health and growth.

  1. Mindfulness
  2. Effort
  3. Investigation
  4. Rapture
  5. Concentration
  6. Calm
  7. Equanimity
59
Q

The 3 energizing factors

A
  1. Effort
  2. Investigation
  3. Rapture
60
Q

The 3 calming factors

A
  1. Concentration
  2. Calm
  3. Equanimity
61
Q

Mindfulness

A

A precise conscious awareness of each stimulus that can be regarded as a refinement of the psychoanalytic observing ego

62
Q

Investigation

A

Active exploration of experience

63
Q

Investigation

A

Active exploration of experience

64
Q

Rapture

A

Ecstasy that results from clear, concentrated awareness

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