Consumer Behavior Flashcards
___ is a method in which a researcher accompanies consumers through the shopping and consumption processes.
Shadowing
____ usually consist of 8 to 12 people involved in a discussion led by a moderator skilled in getting consumers to discuss a subject thoroughly.
Focus groups
Consumption analysis refers to:
why and how people use products
____ refers to the activities leading up to and including the purchase or receipt of a product while ____ refers to how, where, when, and under what circumstances consumers use products.
Obtaining: consuming
____ attempt to understand cause-and-effect relationships by carefully manipulating independent variables.
Experiments
Focus groups and longitudinal studies are examples of:
Interviews and surveys
Consumer research has three major methodological approaches. These are:
observational, interviews and surveys, experimentation
For repeat purchases, the two main forms of decision-making processes are ____ and ____.
repeated problem solving; habitual decision making
Need recognition occurs when a person perceives a difference between the ____ and the ____ state of affairs.
ideal; actual
What is the first stage of the consumer decision process?
Need recognition, whether prompted internally or externally
The most complex of the decision processes is:
extended problem solving
Which of the following is an example of a nonmarketer-dominated source of information?
Consumer Reports
Exposure, attention, comprehension, acceptance and retention are the steps involved in:
information processing
The standards and specifications used to compare different products and brands are called:
evaluative criteria
What stage follows search in the consumer decision process model?
Pre-purchase evaluation
Retrieving knowledge from memory is known as ____. Collecting information from peers, family, and the marketplace is known as ____.
internal search; external search
Which of the following is not one of the categories identified that influences consumer decision making?
Physiological factors
Mary Jane is quite satisfied with her most recent purchase of hair care items. For future purchases of that nature, she is most likely to rely on:
internal search
This evaluation strategy closely resembles the lexicographic decision rule except that it also involves the use of cutoffs.
Elimination by aspects
Which of the following is not a noncompensatory strategy?
Weighted additive
A ____ is a restriction or requirement for acceptable performance.
cutoff
Suppose an orange grower association sponsored an advertising campaign that emphasized nutritional advantages of regularly consuming some form of orange juice. This campaign is attempting to elicit ____ need recognition by changing consumers’ ____ states.
generic; desired
Under this evaluation strategy, a perceived weakness of one attribute may be offset or compensated for by a perceived strength of another attribute.
Compensatory
Under this evaluation strategy, the consumer simply counts or adds the number of times each alternative is judged favorably in terms of the evaluative criteria. The alternative having the larger number of positive attributes is chosen.
Simple additive
There is ____ relationship between consumer knowledge and search.
an inverted-U
According to this evaluation strategy, brands are initially compared on the most important attribute.
Lexicographic and Elimination
____ advertising provides details about products, prices, store locations, and other attributes that might influence purchase decisions.
Information
Which one of the following is not discussed as an important determinant of store choice?
Store heritage
Both the product and brand are chosen in advance of entering the store when consumers follow a/an ____ process.
fully planned purchase
There are different types of purchase decisions studied by consumer behaviorists. Which of the following is not one of these?
Anticipated purchase
____ advertising uses visual components and words to help consumers form an expectation about what they will experience in the store.
Image
____ displays and signs can increase the odds of capturing consumers’ attention, thereby stimulating purchase and increasing sales.
Point of purchase
How consumers allocate their time depends on their ____.
Timestyles
____ are the physical properties of the retail environment designed to create an effect on consumer purchases.
Store atmospherics
he mental capacity available for undertaking various information-processing activities is known as:
cognitive resources
According to the expectancy disconfirmation model, which of the following is not a possible outcome?
Rejection
Suppose parents want to decrease the amount of soda their children consume when they pour soda themselves from 2 liter bottles. Assuming each type of glass holds the same amount, which type of glasses should the parents make available?
Tall, slender glasses.
Punishment occurs when:
heavy versus moderate versus light users AKA consumption leads to negative outcome
Giving a corsage to one’s prom date is an example of:
consumption norms
According to the expectancy disconfirmation model, satisfaction depends on:
a comparison of pre-purchase expectations to actual outcomes
A consumer that uses eye drops to relieve his burning eyes is expecting to receive:
negative reinforcement
When a product’s performance exceeds consumers’ expectations, then ____ is said to occur.
Positive disconfirmation
Lifestyle is defined as:
patterns by which people live and spend time and money.
Studies show that as much as ____ of the country defines themselves as middle class, but data show that,
based on income definition, only about _____ of the country is actually middle class
68 % , 50 %
Demographics are defined as:
the size, structure, and distribution of a population.
The grThe group of 45 to 64 year old consumers is considered the most influential and wealthy cohort and represents the greatest share of the workforce. This segment is known as the____________ .
Baby boomers
The European Union market is:
larger than the United States.
The fastest growing country(by population) in the world is:
India
The surplus of births over deaths in a given period is known as the ____.
natural increase
