Consumer Behavior

Question 1

___ is a method in which a researcher accompanies consumers through the shopping and consumption processes.

Answer 1

Shadowing

Question 2

____ usually consist of 8 to 12 people involved in a discussion led by a moderator skilled in getting consumers to discuss a subject thoroughly.

Answer 2

Focus groups

Question 3

Consumption analysis refers to:

Answer 3

why and how people use products

Question 4

____ refers to the activities leading up to and including the purchase or receipt of a product while ____ refers to how, where, when, and under what circumstances consumers use products.

Answer 4

Obtaining: consuming

Question 5

____ attempt to understand cause-and-effect relationships by carefully manipulating independent variables.

Answer 5

Experiments

Question 6

Focus groups and longitudinal studies are examples of:

Answer 6

Interviews and surveys

Question 7

Consumer research has three major methodological approaches. These are:

Answer 7

observational, interviews and surveys, experimentation

Question 8

For repeat purchases, the two main forms of decision-making processes are ____ and ____.

Answer 8

repeated problem solving; habitual decision making

Question 9

Need recognition occurs when a person perceives a difference between the ____ and the ____ state of affairs.

Answer 9

ideal; actual

Question 10

What is the first stage of the consumer decision process?

Answer 10

Need recognition, whether prompted internally or externally

Question 11

The most complex of the decision processes is:

Answer 11

extended problem solving

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a nonmarketer-dominated source of information?

Answer 12

Consumer Reports

Question 13

Exposure, attention, comprehension, acceptance and retention are the steps involved in:

Answer 13

information processing

Question 14

The standards and specifications used to compare different products and brands are called:

Answer 14

evaluative criteria

Question 15

What stage follows search in the consumer decision process model?

Answer 15

Pre-purchase evaluation

Question 16

Retrieving knowledge from memory is known as ____. Collecting information from peers, family, and the marketplace is known as ____.

Answer 16

internal search; external search

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the categories identified that influences consumer decision making?

Answer 17

Physiological factors

Question 18

Mary Jane is quite satisfied with her most recent purchase of hair care items. For future purchases of that nature, she is most likely to rely on:

Answer 18

internal search

Question 19

This evaluation strategy closely resembles the lexicographic decision rule except that it also involves the use of cutoffs.

Answer 19

Elimination by aspects

Question 20

Which of the following is not a noncompensatory strategy?

Answer 20

Weighted additive

Question 21

A ____ is a restriction or requirement for acceptable performance.

Answer 21

cutoff

Question 22

Suppose an orange grower association sponsored an advertising campaign that emphasized nutritional advantages of regularly consuming some form of orange juice. This campaign is attempting to elicit ____ need recognition by changing consumers’ ____ states.

Answer 22

generic; desired

Question 23

Under this evaluation strategy, a perceived weakness of one attribute may be offset or compensated for by a perceived strength of another attribute.

Answer 23

Compensatory

Question 24

Under this evaluation strategy, the consumer simply counts or adds the number of times each alternative is judged favorably in terms of the evaluative criteria. The alternative having the larger number of positive attributes is chosen.

Answer 24

Simple additive

Question 25

There is ____ relationship between consumer knowledge and search.

Answer 25

an inverted-U

Question 26

According to this evaluation strategy, brands are initially compared on the most important attribute.

Answer 26

Lexicographic and Elimination

Question 27

____ advertising provides details about products, prices, store locations, and other attributes that might influence purchase decisions.

Answer 27

Information

Question 28

Which one of the following is not discussed as an important determinant of store choice?

Answer 28

Store heritage

Question 29

Both the product and brand are chosen in advance of entering the store when consumers follow a/an ____ process.

Answer 29

fully planned purchase

Question 30

There are different types of purchase decisions studied by consumer behaviorists. Which of the following is not one of these?

Answer 30

Anticipated purchase

Question 31

____ advertising uses visual components and words to help consumers form an expectation about what they will experience in the store.

Answer 31

Image

Question 32

____ displays and signs can increase the odds of capturing consumers’ attention, thereby stimulating purchase and increasing sales.

Answer 32

Point of purchase

Question 33

How consumers allocate their time depends on their ____.

Answer 33

Timestyles

Question 34

____ are the physical properties of the retail environment designed to create an effect on consumer purchases.

Answer 34

Store atmospherics

Question 35

he mental capacity available for undertaking various information-processing activities is known as:

Answer 35

cognitive resources

Question 36

According to the expectancy disconfirmation model, which of the following is not a possible outcome?

Answer 36

Rejection

Question 37

Suppose parents want to decrease the amount of soda their children consume when they pour soda themselves from 2 liter bottles. Assuming each type of glass holds the same amount, which type of glasses should the parents make available?

Answer 37

Tall, slender glasses.

Question 38

Punishment occurs when:

Answer 38

heavy versus moderate versus light users AKA consumption leads to negative outcome

Question 39

Giving a corsage to one’s prom date is an example of:

Answer 39

consumption norms

Question 40

According to the expectancy disconfirmation model, satisfaction depends on:

Answer 40

a comparison of pre-purchase expectations to actual outcomes

Question 41

A consumer that uses eye drops to relieve his burning eyes is expecting to receive:

Answer 41

negative reinforcement

Question 42

When a product’s performance exceeds consumers’ expectations, then ____ is said to occur.

Answer 42

Positive disconfirmation

Question 43

Lifestyle is defined as:

Answer 43

patterns by which people live and spend time and money.

Question 44

Studies show that as much as ____ of the country defines themselves as middle class, but data show that,
based on income definition, only about _____ of the country is actually middle class

Answer 44

68 % , 50 %

Question 45

Demographics are defined as:

Answer 45

the size, structure, and distribution of a population.

Question 46

The grThe group of 45 to 64 year old consumers is considered the most influential and wealthy cohort and represents the greatest share of the workforce. This segment is known as the____________ .

Answer 46

Baby boomers

Question 47

The European Union market is:

Answer 47

larger than the United States.

Question 48

The fastest growing country(by population) in the world is:

Answer 48

India

Question 49

The surplus of births over deaths in a given period is known as the ____.

Answer 49

natural increase