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APC > Construction Tech General > Flashcards

Construction Tech General Flashcards

1
Q

What is substructure

A

All elements of work that are undertaken below the damp proof course that provides the basis for the superstructure.

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2
Q

What is the external envelope

A

The materials and components that for the external enclosure of a building.
Can be either load bearing or non load bearing.

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3
Q

What are the building regulations

A

Statutory instruments that set out the minimum performance standards for the design and construction of buildings

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4
Q

What are British standards

A

Publications issued by the British standards institution (BS).
They give the recommended minimum standard for materials, components, design and construction practices.

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5
Q

What are international standards

A

Publications issued by the international organisation for standardisation - ISO.
Compatible with and complement British standards.

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6
Q

What is superstructure

A

All internal and external works items above the damp proof course.
Include:
- external walls
- stairs
- roof
- structural walls
- suspended ceilings
- raised floors

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7
Q

What are the typical components of site investigations

A

Their objective is to collect and record data to help with the design and construction processes including info that relates to the site and impact the design.
- boundary boards & fencing
- existing trees
- size, depth and location of services
- existing buildings
- ground water conditions
- soil investigations
- trial pit information

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8
Q

What is the purpose of soil investigations

A

Their purpose is to determine suitability of the site for the proposed works and determine the adequate and economic foundation design.
Determine potential difficulties with the ground conditions.

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9
Q

What are the main site considerations

A
  • access
  • storage
  • temporary services
  • plant
  • fencing & hoarding
  • health & safety risks
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10
Q

What is a retained facade

A

The facade of the building is retained whilst everything beyond the wall is demolished.
Allowances should be made for temporary support and cleaning & restoration works.

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11
Q

What are temporary works

A

They do not normally appear on construction drawings but may be required depending on construction methodology being used.
May be a requirement due to health and safety to ensure safe constructions for temporary propping.

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12
Q

What is a scaffold

A

A temporary working platform erected around the perimeter of a building or structure to provide a safe working place at a convenient height.

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13
Q

When is scaffold required

A

For works above 1.5m high

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14
Q

What is shoring

A

Form of temporary support given to existing buildings.
Provides precaution against damage or injury due to collapse of a structure.

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15
Q

What are the main components of concrete

A

Cement, aggregate, water

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16
Q

What is a borehole

A

Most suitable method of soils investigations when foundations are over 3m deep.

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17
Q

What is a geothermal borehole

A

Permanent boreholes that use the hearths natural heat to raise the temperature of circulated water.
Closed system used to heat the building which is sustainable.

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18
Q

What are piles

A

Series of columns constructed or inserted into the ground to transmit the load of a structure to a lower level of sub soil.

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19
Q

When are piles used

A

When there are no suitable foundations conditions are present near ground level or if there is high water table.

20
Q

What is a sheet pile

A

A deep trench is excavated and concrete is poured in situ. These can be used to form basement or retaining walls.

21
Q

Secant piles

A

Interlocking piles are bored to provide a combination of foundations and basement walls.
Provide a waterproof structure and are often seen when a top down construction method used.

22
Q

What are bored piles

A

An auger is used to excavate the soil and then concrete is poured in once complete

23
Q

What are pre cast piles

A

Piles are hammered into the ground.
Usually unfavourable due to high noise levels associated with the installation.

24
Q

What are the different ways piles transfer their load to the surrounding ground

A

End bearing piles
Friction piles
Settlement reducing piles
Tension piles

25
Q

What are end bearing piles

A

Transfer load through low bearing capacity soil to a strong stratum such as rock or very dense sand.

26
Q

What are friction piles

A

Bear on frictional resistance between their outer surface and the soil in contact

27
Q

Settlement reducing piles

A

Usually incorporated beneath the central part of the raft foundation in order to reduce differential settlement to an acceptable level.

28
Q

What are tension piles

A

Resist uplifting forces that might otherwise cause the structure to be extracted from the ground due to uplifting forces such as hydrostatic pressure, seismic activity

29
Q

What is top down construction

A

Ground floor slab is left with a slab to allow basement to be excavated while cores are built up. Piles used as retaining walls

30
Q

What is top down construction

A

Ground floor slab is left with a slab to allow basement to be excavated while cores are built up. Piles used as retaining walls

31
Q

What are the components of a concrete frame

A

Rectangular beams between columns and floors spanning between beams. Most have shear walls for stability.

32
Q

What are the components of a concrete frame

A

Rectangular beams between volume and floors spanning between beams. Most have shear walls for stability.

33
Q

Advantages of concrete frames

A

Cheap materials
Early start on site
Complex shapes can be made
Fire resistant
Good thermal massing properties

34
Q

Disadvantages of concrete frames

A

Labour intensive
Large amounts of on site plant
Larger risk of error
Weather sensitive
Frames undergoes shrinkage

35
Q

When are steel frames used

A

Most common in commercial buildings and portal frames

36
Q

When are steel frames used

A

Most common in commercial buildings and portal frames

37
Q

Advantages of steel frames

A

Large spans achieved
Good quality control
High strength to weight ratio
Can be recycled
Less on site work and erection is fast

38
Q

Advantages of steel frames

A

Large spans achieved
Good quality control
High strength to weight ratio
Can be recycled
Less on site work and erection is fast

39
Q

Disadvantages of steel frames

A

Materials are expensive
Longer lead time because they are pre fab
Relatively low fire resistance
High level of embodied energy

40
Q

What is a unitised facade system

A

Facade is prefab off site so that it is delivered and installed straight away as panels.
Installed straight from floor plate.

41
Q

What is a unitised facade system

A

Facade is prefab off site so that it is delivered and installed straight away as panels.
Installed straight from floor plate.

42
Q

What are stick systems

A

Cladding systems that are constructed on site. All different elements are delivered to site then put together.
Scaffolding required which effects prelims

43
Q

What is a curtain wall system

A

A facade which has no structural loading. Holds its own weight e.g. spandrel panels, glazing etc

44
Q

What is a curtain wall system

A

A facade which has no structural loading. Holds its own weight e.g. spandrel panels, glazing etc

45
Q

What are different foundation types

A

Pad
Raft
Pile
Strip

APC (1 decks)

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