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STUDY NOTES > CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MIDTERM > Flashcards

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MIDTERM Flashcards

1
Q

-mixture of fine aggregates or sand, coarse aggregates or gravel, cement, water, and/or admixtures.

A

CONCRETE

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2
Q

CONCRETE -comes from the latin word ‘concretus’ which means,

A

GROWING TOGETHER

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3
Q

Cementitious material includes Portland Cement, blended cements,
ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume, metakaolins,
and other materials having cementitious properties. .

A

CEMENT

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4
Q

give volume to the concrete because they occupy maximum space in the total volume of concrete.

A

Aggregates

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5
Q

There are two (2) types of aggregates;

A

COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATES

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6
Q

indispensable because it is required for reaction of hydration.
But its use should be restricted to minimum as possible considering the
requirement for chemical reaction with cement and workability only.

A

WATER

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7
Q

Is an optional ingredient which is used depending on the specific
purpose.

A

ADMIXTURE

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8
Q

those materials which contributes Silica (SiO3), Alumina (Al2O3) and Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) to the clinker, it includes clay, shale, blast furnace slag, iron ore and sand.

A

Argillaceous Raw Materials

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9
Q

-those material which contributes Lime (CaO) and Magnesia (MgO) to
the clinker, it includes limestone, chalk, marls, and marine (oyster
shells)

A

Calcareous Raw Materials

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10
Q

a material that sets or hardens by chemical
reaction with water in air.

A

Hydraulic Cement

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11
Q

a hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing cement clinker and gypsum (calcium sulfate).

A

Portland Cement

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12
Q

a hydraulic cement consisting of two or more inorganic constituents (at least one of which is not a portland cement or portland cement clinker) which separately or in combination contribute to the strength gaining properties of the cement.

A

Blended Cement

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13
Q

a blended hydraulic cement consisting of an intimate and uniform blend of portland cement or portland blast- furnace slag cement and fine pozzolan produced by intergrinding portland cement clinker and pozzolan, in which the amount of pozzolan constituent is within specified limits.

A

Portland-Pozzolan Cement

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14
Q

The condition by which the cement paste, mortar or concrete mix starts to lose its plasticity and gain a certain degree of rigidity

A

Setting of Cement

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15
Q

The condition by which the mortar or concrete starts to develop and gain its strength

A

Hardening of Cement

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16
Q

It is the chemical reaction that takes place when portland cement and water are mixed together. The hydration reaction is considered complete at 28 days.

A

Hydration

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17
Q

The quantity of heat that are liberated (exothermic) from the reaction of cement with water.

A

Heat of Hydration

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18
Q

This method covers determination of the density of hydraulic cement. Its particular usefulness is in connection with the design and control of concrete mixtures.

A

(AASHTO T-133 / ASTM C 188)

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19
Q

Both strength and permeability are influenced by fineness. Increasing the fineness substantially increase the rate of hydration.

A

FINENESS (AASHTO T-128 / ASTM C 184)

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20
Q

To determine whether or not the hydraulic cement under test meets the air-entraining or non-air-entraining requirements of the applicable hydraulic cement specification.

A

AIR CONTENT (ASTM C 185)

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21
Q

To determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic pastes for testing.

A

Normal Consistency (ASTM C187)

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22
Q

Measures the penetration resistance of cement paste or mortar.

A

TIME SETTING Using Vicat Needle
(AASHTO T-131 ASTM C 191)

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23
Q

refers to the stiffening of the cement paste or the change from plastic state to a solid state.

A

SETTING

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24
Q

corresponds to a rapid rise

A

Initial set

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25
Q

corresponds to the peak temperature.

A

final set

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26
Q

Provides an index of potential delayed
expansion caused by hydration of free lime
(CaO)or MgO or both.

A

SOUNDNESS DETERMINATION BY AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION (AASHTO T-107 / ASTM C 151)

27
Q

This method is used to determine the compressive strength of hydraulic cement that will be used to determine compliance with specifications.

A

(AASHTO T-106 / ASTM C 109)

28
Q

is the weight percentage lost when Portland cement is heated at 950±50°C

A

Loss on ignition

29
Q

The limits is set in order to prevent adulteration or contamination of cement with siliceous and argillaceous components.

A

INSOLUBLE RESIDUE (IR)

30
Q

regulates the initial setting and hardening reactions that take place during hydration

A

SULFUR TRIOXIDE (SO3)

31
Q

being limited because of concern about
expansion that can occur if free MgO as periclase hydrates to form Mg(OH)2 at room temperature.

A

MAGNESIA (MgO)

32
Q

This method defines the procedures for obtaining representative samples of fresh concrete as delivered to the project site and on which tests are to be performed to determine compliance with quality requirements of the specifications under which the concrete is furnished.

A

SCOPE

33
Q

Sample the concrete at two or more regularly spaced intervals during discharge of the middle portion of the batch. Take the samples within the time limit of 15 minutes and composite them into one sample for test purposes.

A

a. Sampling from Stationary Mixers, Except
Paving Mixers

34
Q

Sample the concrete after the contents of the paving mixer have been discharge.

A

Sampling from Paving Mixers

35
Q

Sample the concrete at two or more regularly spaced intervals during discharge of the middle portion of the batch. Take the samples within the time limit specified for sampling fresh concrete and composite them into one sample for test purposes.

A

Sampling from Revolving Drum/Truck Mixers or Agitators –

36
Q

a broad and subjective term describing how easily freshly mixed concrete can be mixed, placed, consolidated, and finished with minimal loss of homogeneity.

A

Concrete workability

37
Q

Workability of concrete increases with increase in water content. The higher the water content per cubic meter of concrete, the higher will be

A

Water-cement ratio

38
Q

is a measure of the workability of the
concrete.

A

Slump

39
Q

is most widely used test for checking workability of fresh concrete. Though we use this test to measure workability actually it does not define workability of concrete.

A

Slump test

40
Q

Cohesion and fragmentation processes work together to create soil aggregates.

A

Soil aggregates

41
Q

is an unconsolidated, or loose, combination of organic & inorganic materials.

A

Soil

42
Q

Soil - are considered a three-phase material composed of

A

rocks or
mineral particles, water and air.

43
Q

particles passing 75 mm and retained on (Sieve #10) 2.0 mm sieves, mostly found in rivers

A

gravel

44
Q

passing 2.0 mm and retained on 0.075 mm sieves

A

Sand

45
Q

passing 0.075 mm and larger than 0.002mm

A

Silt

46
Q

soil with particle size less than 0.002mm

A

Clay

47
Q

passing 0.001mm

A

Organic Soil

48
Q

determine the particle size distribution of soil and it is used to classify/identify the soil

A

PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOIL (AASHTO T 88) (ASTM D 422)

49
Q

the lowest moisture content at which the soil will flow upon the application of a very small shearing force. It gives a certain measure of the shearing resistance of a soil when mixed with water.

A

Liquid Limit

50
Q

the minimum moisture content at which the soil can be readily molded without breaking or crumbling

A

Plastic Limit

51
Q

involves the granular rearrangement of soil particles at a number of moisture contents ranging from slightly dry to very wet, by a specified amount of energy applied on a specified manner.

A

Compaction Test

52
Q

(Purpose) to determine:  Amount of mixing water(Optimum Moisture Content (OMC)  Maximum Dry Density (MDD)

A

Compaction Test

53
Q

is a method of evaluating the relative quality of subgrade, subbase, and base soil for pavements.

A

CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (CBR)

54
Q

This test evaluates the structural strength of coarse aggregate. It gives an indication of quality as determined by resistance to impact and wear.

A

ABRASION TEST

55
Q

Defined as inert, granular & inorganic materials that normally consist of stone or stone-like solids

A

AGGREGATES

56
Q

extracted from larger rock formations through an open excavation (quarry) and reduced to usable sizes by mechanical crushing or grinding (sand, crushed limestone, gravel)

A

Natural Aggregates

57
Q

man-made aggregates produced as a main product or an industrial by-product, (blast furnace slag, iron ore, crushed steel)man-made aggregates produced as a main product or an industrial by-product, (blast furnace slag, iron ore, crushed steel)

A

Manufactured (Synthetic) Aggregates–

58
Q

has a unit weight of less than
1120 kg/m3 (cinder, blast furnace slag, volcanic pumice)

A

Light Weight Aggregates

59
Q

has a unit weight of 1520 -
1680 kgs/m3

A

Normal Weight Aggregates

60
Q

has a unit weight greater than
2100 kgs./m3. It is used in special structures, such as radiation shields (magnesite limonite, heavy iron ore)

A

Heavy Weight Aggregates

61
Q

The smallest sieve through which 100 percent of the aggregate sample particles pass. It defines the maximum aggregate size as “one sieve large than the nominal maximum size” (Roberts et al., 1996)

A

Maximum Size Aggregates

62
Q

The largest sieve that retains some of the aggregate particles but generally not more than 10 percent by weight. It defines nominal maximum aggregate size as “one sieve size larger than the first sieve to retain more than 10 percent of the material” (Roberts et al., 1996)

A

Nominal Maximum Size of Aggregates

63
Q

This usually being used for Bituminous or Asphalt Mix

A

composite aggregates

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