Construction Flashcards
Flemish v English Bond brickwork?
Flemish = Stretchers and headers alternatively on each row
English = Stretchers and headers in alternative lines
What is a solid wall?
Two bricks wide, no gaps in between, alternative headers and stretchers
How thick is a solid brick wall?
9 inches (230mm)
What is a cavity wall?
- Two leaves of brick work
- 11 inches thick with plaster
- Cavity wall ties in between
- Gap of 50-75mm
From external inspection only, how can it be determined if a brick wall is of solid or cavity construction?
- Presence of headers for solid wall
- Absence of headers for cavity wall
What are cavity wall ties?
- Used to join two leaves of cavity wall together
- Ties have drop feature to prevents water from crossing from teh outer to inner wall leaf (protects from moisture)
What are the different types of cavity wall ties?
- Butterfly
- Vertical twist
- Triangular
What size is standard brick?
215x102x65mm
What size is a standard block?
440x100x215mm
What are rafters?
Beams that are angled upwards and meet on top of the gable at the ridge beam
What are purlins?
Horizontal beams on teh roof used for structural support
What is a roof truss?
Structure that consists of wood or steel joined din a triangular shape that supports the weight of the roof
What are the different types of roof truss?
Monopitch
Asymmetrical
Attic truss
What is a building frame?
- Structural framework or skeleton on that supports the whole building
- Usually steel or reinforced concrete
What are 4 common forms of foundation?
Trench/strip footings, raft, pile , pad
What is trench or strip footing foundation, and what are they used for?
Shallow foundation that avoids bricklaying below the surface by filling trench with concrete
What is a raft foundation and when are they used?
Shallow, slabs reinforced by concrete slabs of uniform thickness
What is a piled foundation and when are they used?
Long, slender reinforced concrete cylinders used for large structures
What is a pad foundation?
Generally shallow, pads support single point loads liek columns and frames
What is efflorescence?
White marks caused by salts in brick works
What is spalling?
Surface of brick starts to crumble due to freeze thaw action
How is damp measured?
Damp meter
How do you identify rising damp?
Does not go above penetrating damp, damp over that is penetrating damp
How do you prevent damp penetration?
Ensure gutters are cleared of leaves
Damp proof course
What is the difference between a damp proof membrane and a damp proof course?
- DPM stops damp coming through the walls
- DPC is built into brickwork to stop damp rising up mortar joints
