Construction Flashcards
1
Q
A person or organization having the legal right or title to a piece of property, usually the architect’s client and party to the owner-architect agreement.
A
Owner
2
Q
A per son or organization that invests in and develops the potentialities of real estate, especially by initiating and implementing building projects for ownership, management, or resale.
A
Developer
3
Q
A person who engages in the profession of architecture, usually trained and experienced in the design and construction of buildings.
A
Architect
4
Q
A person trained, skilled, or professionally engaged in any of various branches of engineering.
A
Engineer
5
Q
Legally certified by a government or other constituted authority to engage in a business or profession in the state or jurisdiction in which a project is to be constructed.
A
Licensed or Registered
6
Q
A person or organization hired to give professional or expert advice regarding a specific aspect of a project, such as acoustics or lighting.
A
Consultant
7
Q
A person or organization that contracts to provide the materials and perform the work for a construction project at a specified time and rate.
A
Contractor
8
Q
A person or organization that contracts directly with an owner to manage and supervise a construction project, including the work performed by subcontractors.
A
General Contractors
9
Q
A person or organization that contracts with a general contractor to provide a portion of the work on a construction project.
A
Subcontractor
10
Q
The insuring of propery, life, or one’s person against loss or harm arising in specified contingencies in consideration of a payment proportionate to the risk involved.
A
Insurance
11
Q
Having a monetary commitment set aside to ensure that all obligations set forth in a contract are fulfilled
A
Bonded
12
Q
The institution, usually a commercial bank, providing the long-term financing for a construction project.
A
Lending Institution
13
Q
A person or organization that contracts with an owner to advise on and coordinate all phases of a building project, from evaluating the construction cost and feasibility of design decisions to managing the bidding, award, and construction phases of the project.
A
Construction manager
14
Q
A person or organization that develops and constructs buildings for subsequent sale or lease.
A
Speculative Builder
15
Q
Of or pertaining to an arrangement under which a person or organization contracts directly with an owner to design and construct a building or project.
A
Design-build
16
Q
Of or pertaining to an arrangement under which a person or organization designs and constructs a building for sale or lease when ready for occupancy.
A
Turn-key
17
Q
The process of building from site preparation through erection, assembly and finishing operations.
A
Construction
18
Q
To install the highest structural member in a construction or complete the uppermost course in a masonry wall.
A
Top out
19
Q
The temporary framework for supporting a structure under construction that is not yet capable of supporting itself.
A
Falsework
20
Q
A temporary structure or platform for supporting workers and materials at a height above the floor or ground during the construction or repair of a building.
A
Scaffold or Staging
21
Q
A detailed investigation and analysis conducted to determine the financial, technical or other advisability of a proposed construction project.
A
Feasibility Study
22
Q
The competitive process of offering to perform the work described in a contract for a specified sum.
A
Bidding
23
Q
A formal acceptance of a bid or a negotiated proposal.
A
Award
24
Q
A legally enforceable agreement, usually in written form, between two or more parties to do or not to do something specified.
A
Contract
25
A written communication issued by an owner authorizing a contractor to proceed with the work and establishing the date of commencement of the work.
Notice to proceed
26
A written authorization to proceed with construction of a building project in accordance with approved drawings and specifications, issued by the local govenment agency having jurisdiction after plans have been filed and reviewed.
Building Permit
27
A person designated by a governmental authority to administer and enforce the provisions of a building code.
Building Official
28
To construc by the raising, positioning, fitting together and fastening of materials or parts.
Erect
29
A document issued by a building official certfying that all or a designated portion of a building complies with the provisions of the building code, and permitting occupancy for its designated use.
Certificate of Occupancy
30
The process of diagnosing the technical, functional and behavioral aspects of a completed building in order to accumulate information for future programming and design activities.
Postoccupancy Evaluation
31
Of or pertaining to project scheduling in which the design and construction phases of a building project overlap to compress the total time required for completion.
Fast Track
32
Critical Path Method: A method for planning, scheduling and managing a project, combining all releveant information into a flow chart, including the optimum sequence and duration of activities, the relative significance of each event, and the coordination required for timely completion of the project.
CPM
33
The manner in which materials are ordered, assepbled, and united into a whole, such as frame construction.
Construction
34
A construction process using a high degree of prefabrication in the manufacture of standardized units or components to speed assembly and erection of a building.
Systems Building or Industrialized Building
35
A prefabricated section of a floor, wall, ceiling or roof, handled as a single unit in the assembly and erection of a building.
Panel
36
A structural panel consisting of a core of relatively light material enclosed between two sheets of a high-strength material, generally resulting in a high stiffness-to-weight ratio.
Sandwich panel
37
A structural panel consisting of plywood facings glued to lumber stringers, used as floor, roof, or wall member subject to bending. The plywood facings and stringers act as a series of I-beams with the plywood resisting nearly all of the bending stresses. Cross bracing may be placed to support the edges of the skin and to help distribute concentrated loads.
Stressed-Skin Panel
38
To fabricate or manufacture beforehand, especially in standardized units or components for quick assembly and erection.
Prefabricate
39
To construct by assembling diverse and usually standardized parts.
Fabricate
40
The legal documents comprising a construction contract, including the owner-contractor agreement, conditions of the contract and the construction drawings and specifications for the project, including all addenda, modifications, and any other items stipulated as being specifically included.
Contract Documents
41
The construction drawings and specifications setting forth in detail the requirements for the construction of a project.
Construction documents
42
The part of the contract documents consisting of a detailed description of the technical nature of the materials, standards, and quality of execution of the work to be placed under contract.
Specifications
43
A specification that stipulates how a particular component or system must perform without giving the means to be employed to achieve the results.
Performance Specification
44
A specification that stipulates the exact quantities and qualities of materials to be furnished and how they are to be assembled in a construction.
Descriptive Specification
45
A specification that refers to a standard specification to indicate the properties desired in a material or component and the methods of testing required to substantiate the performance of products.
Reference Specification
46
A specification that stipulates the use of specific products, systems, or processes without provision for substitution.
Proprietary Specification
47
Planning and design utilizing prefabricated modules or modular coordination for ease of erection, flexible arrangement or variety of use.
Modular Design
48
Any in a series of standardized, frequently interchangeable components used in assembling units of deffering size, complexity or function.
Module
49
Correlating the dimensions of a structure and the unit sizes of its components, usually with the aid of a planning grid based on a 4-inch or 100-mm cubical module.
Modular Coordination
50
A technique of constructing multistory buildings in which all horizontal slabs are cast at ground level, and when cured, are raised into position by hydraulic jacks.
Lift-slab construction
51
A method of casting reinforced concrete wall panels on site in a horizontal position, then tilting them up into their final position.
Tilt-up Construction
52
A system (ASTM standard E1557) for classifying building elements and related sitework that provides a consistent reference for the description, economic analysis and management of buildings during all phases of their life cycle, including planning, programming, design, construction, operations and disposal. The format is based on the classification of elements which are defined as major components that are common to most buildings and perform a given function, regardless of the design specification, construction method, or materials used.
UNIFORMAT II
## Footnote
* UNIFORMAT II (ASTM E1557) classifies building elements into three hirarchical levels using an alphanumeric designation. There are sevel Level 1 groups.*
* Each Major-Group Element is broken down into Level 2 Group Elements (B10, B20) and Level 3 individual Elements (B1010, B1020, B2010, B2020). A level 4 is proposed to break the individual elements into yet smaller Sub-elements (B1011, B1012, B1012...)*
* UNIFORMAT II differs from and complements the Master Format classification system, which is based on products and building materials for detailed quantity takeoffs of materials and tasks associated with the construction, operation and maintenance of buildings.*
53
Identify UniFormat Level 1 - Group
Group A
Substructure, including Foundations and Basement Construction
54
Identify UniFormat Level 1 - Group B
Shell, including Superstructure, Exterior Enclosure and Roofing
55
Identify UniFormat Level 1 - Group C
Interiors, including Interior Construction, Stairs and Interior Finishes
56
Identify UniFormat Level 1 - Group D
Conveying, Plumbing, HVAC, Fire Protection and Electrical Systems
57
Identify UniFormat Level 1 - Group E
Equipment and Furnishings
58
Identify UniFormat Level 1 - Group F
Special Construction and Demolition
59
Identify UniFormat Level 1 - Group G
Building Sitework
60
The Uniform Classification System developed and published by the Construction Specifications Institue (CSI) and Construction Specifications Cadana (CSC). UniFormat is similar in organization to UNIFORMAT II but adds another group, Group Z: General, that incorporates general requirements, bidding requirements, contract forms and contingencies, and project cost estimating. Another significant difference occurs in how UniFormat uses MasterFormat numbers and titles for Level 5 and sometimes Level 4 elements.
UniFormat
61
A format developed by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) for coordinating specifications, filing of technical data and product literature, and construction cost accounting, originally organized into 16 divisions based on an interrelationship of place, trade, function, or material but expanded in 2004 to 50 divisions to reflect changes in the construction industry.
MasterFormat
## Footnote
*(there are total of 50 divisions compared to 16 divisions)*
62
Before November 2004, MasterFormat was composed of 16 divisions:
Enumerate
1- General Requirements
2 - Site Construction
3 - Concrete
4 - Masonry
5 - Metals
6 - Wood and Plastics
7 - Thermal and Moisture Protection
8 - Doors and Windows
9 - Finishes
10 - Specialities
11 - Equipment
12 - Furnishings
13 - Special Construction
14 - Conveying Systems
15 - Mechanical
16 - Electrical
63
A classification of a building's construction according to the fire resistance of its major components: Structural frame, exterior bearing and non bearing walls, interior bearing walls, floors and ceilings, roof, and enclosres of fire exits and vertical shafts. While model codes may differ in the detailed requirements for each construction type, they all limit the area and height of a building according to construction type and intended occupancy.
Construction Type or Construction Class
64
A code regulating the design, construction, alteration, and repair of buildings, adopted and enforced by a local government agency to protect the public safety, health, and welfare.
Building Code
## Footnote
*A building code generally establishes minimum standards for materials and methods of construction, specifications for structural and fire safety and other requirements based on the type of construction and the occupancy of a building, often using standards established by the Americal Society for Testing and Materials, the American National Standards Institute, and various technical societies and trade associations.*
65
Construction having a structure of steel, concrete, or masonry and walls, floors and a roof of noncombustible materials.
Noncombustible Construction
66
Noncombustible construction having a structure and major components with fire-resistance ratings at least equal to those specified by the appropriate authorities.
Protected noncombustible construction
67
Noncombustible construction having no fire-resistance requirements except for firewalls and enclosures of fire exits and vertical shafts.
Unprotected noncombustible construction
68
Any construction that does not fulfill the requirements for noncombustible construction.
Combustible Construction
69
A construction type having noncombustible exterior walls and an interior structure wholly or partly of light framing.
Ordinary construction
70
Ordinary construction having a structure and major components with fire-resistance ratings at least equal to those specified by the appropriate authorities.
Protected Ordinary Construction
71
Ordinary construction having no fire-resistance requirements for the interior structure except for fire walls and enclosures of fire exits and vertical shafts.
Unprotected ordinary construction
72
A construction type having noncombustible exterior walls and an interior structure of timbers and decking of specified minimum sizes without concealed spaces.
Heavy-timber Construction or Mill COnstruction
73
An ordinance regulating the division of land into zones, so as to restruct the height, bulk, density, and use of buildings, and the provision of such ancillary facilities as parking; a principal instrument in the implementation of a master plan.
Zoning Ordinance
74
A covenant with a clause that restricts the action of any party to it, such as an agreement among property owners specifying the use to which a property can be put, racial and religious restrictions are legally unenforceable.
Restrictive Cevenant
75
A building code that sets minimum standards for energy conservation and the energy-efficient design of buildings.
Energy Code
76
Of or pertaining to a material, type of construction, or occupancy or use not complying with the requirements set forth in a building code or zoning ordinance.
Nonconforming
77
An official ermit to do something normally forbidden by regulations esp. by building in a way or for a purpose normally forbidden by a building code or zoning ordinance.
Variance
78
A construction type primarily formed by a system of repetitive wood or light-gauge steel members and not meeting the requirements for heavy-timber construction.
Light-frame construction
79
Light-frame construction having a structure and major components with fire-resistance ratings at least equal to those specified by the appropriate authorities.
Protected light-frame construction
80
Light-frame construction having no fire-resistance requirements except for fire walls and enclusures of fire exits and vertical shafts.
Unprotected light-frame construction
81
A building code developed by an organization of states, professional societies, and trade associations for adoption by local communities;
Model Code
82
A comprehensive, coordinated national model building code, developed, published and maintained by the Internation Code Council (ICC), composed of representatives of the three prior model-code agencies (BOCA, ICBO and SBCCI) and headquartered in Washington, D.C.
International Building Code or IBC
83
A building code developed and published by the Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc (BOCA) and previously used primarily in the northeastern US,
BOCA National Building Code
84
A building code developed and published by the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) and previously used primarily in the central and western US.
Uniform Building Code
85
A building code developed and published by the Southern Building Code Conference (SBCC) and previously used primarily in the southeastern US.
Standard Building Code
86
The area within the surrounding exterior walls of a building, excluding vent shafts and courts but including unbounded areas within the horizontal projection of the floor or roof above.
Building Area
87
The vertical distance from the grade plane to the average height of the highest roof surface.
Building Height
88
Any story having a finished floor surface above the grade plane, including a basement when the finished floor surface of the floor above the basement is more than 6ft (1.8m) above the grade plane.
Story Above Grade Plane
89
A horizontal reference plane used in determining building heigh and number of stories, calculated as the average of finished grades adjoining a building along its exterior walls. Where the ground level slopes away from a building, the reference plane is established bt the lowest points in the area between the building and the lot line or within a distance 6ft (1.8m) from the building.
Grade Plane
90
The vertical distance from the finished surface of a floor to the finished surface of the next floor above. For the highest floor level, story height is measured from the finished surface of the floor to the top of the ceiling joists or roof rafters.
Story Height
91
A retail complex containing a variety of stores, restaurants, enterntainment facilities, and other business establishments housed in a series of connected or adjacent buildings or in a single large building.
Mall or Shopping Mall
92
A building code term for a roofed or covered pedestrian way within a covered mall building serving as access for a number of tenants and not exceeding three open levels in height.
Mall
93
A single building enclosing a number of tenants, such as retail stores, restaurants, and entertainment facilities, and having access to one or more malls.
Covered Mall
94
An exterior building having direct access to a covered mall building but having its required means of egress independent of the mall.
Anchor Building
95
A common seating area in a mall that serves adjacent food-preparation tenants.
Food Court
96
97
(3) types of metal decking
Form decking; composite decking; cellular decking
98
(3) types of steel connection, defined by AISC
Moment connection; shear connection; semi-rigid connection
99
(3) types of open web steel joist
K series (12'-60' spans); LH series (28'-60' spans); DLH series (\< 144' spans)
100
(3) types of standpipe
Class I, Class II, Class III i. Dry ii. Wet (connected to water supply) iii. Combination
101
(5) types of fire detection
Ionization (detects particles) Gas detection (detects gases) Photoelectric (detects smoke) Flame detector Temperature rise detector
102
(4) types of sprinkler system
wet pipe; dry pipe; pre-action; deluge
103
(4) types of fire extinguisher
Class A (water based - ordinary combustibles) Class B (foam - gas) Class C (nonconductive - electrical) Class D (dry powder - metals)
104
(3) types of specifications
Performance; prescriptive; proprietary [open/closed]
105
(3) types of lateral load resisting systems
braced frame; shear wall ; moment resisting frame
