Constitutionalism

Question 1

Absolutism

Answer 1

The theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally.

Question 2

Bill of Rights

Answer 2

1689 - English documant declaring that sovereignty resided with Parliament.

Question 3

Charles l

1625 - 1649

Answer 3

Stuart king who brought conflict with Parliament to a head and was subsequently executed

Question 4

Charles II

1660 1685

Answer 4

Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell’s Interregnum.

Question 5

Colbert

1619-1683

Answer 5

The financial minister under the French king Louis XIV who promoted mercantilist policies.

Question 6

Constitutionalism

Answer 6

The theory that power should be shared between rulers and their subjects and the state governed according to laws.

Question 7

Oliver Cromwell

1559-1658

Answer 7

The principal leader and a gentry member of the
Puritans in Parliament.

Question 8

Diggers and Levellers

Answer 8

Radical groups in England in the 1650s who called for the abolition of private ownership and extension of the franchise.

Question 9

Divine right monarchy

Answer 9

The belief that a monarch’s power derives from God and represents Him on earth.

Question 10

Frederick the Great

1740-1786

Answer 10

The Prussian ruler who expanded his territory by invading the duchy of Silesia and defeating Maria Theresa of Austria.

Question 11

Frederick William

1640-1688

Answer 11

The “Great Elector,” who built a strong Prussian army and infused military values into Prussian society.

Question 12

French Classicism

Answer 12

The style in seventeenth-century art and literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance-e.g., the works of Poussin, Moliere, and Racine.

Question 13

Fronde

Answer 13

The last aristocratic revolt against a French monarch.

Question 14

Glorious Revolution

Answer 14

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

Question 15

Habeas corpus

Answer 15

The legal protection that prohibits the imprisonment of a subject without demonstrated cause.

Question 16

Thomas Hobbes

1588-1679

Answer 16

Political theorist advocating absolute monarchy based on his concept of an anarchic state of nature.

Question 17

Interregnum

Answer 17

The period of Cromwellian rule (1649-1659), between the Stuart dynastic rules of Charles I and Charles II.

Question 18

James I

1603-1625

Answer 18

Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine right of kings.

Question 19

James II

1685-1688

Answer 19

Final Stuart ruler; he was forced to abdicate in favor of William and Mary, who agreed to the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing parliamentary supremacy.

Question 20

John Locke

1632-1704

Answer 20

Political theorist who defended the Glorious Revolution with the argument that all people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

Question 21

Louis XIV

1643-1715

Answer 21

Also known as the “Sun King”; the ruler of France who established the supremacy of absolutism in seventeenth-century Europe.

Question 22

Maria Theresa

1740-1780

Answer 22

Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary, who lost the Hapsburg possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories.

Question 23

Mercantilism

Answer 23

Governmental policies by which the state regulates the economy, through taxes, tariffs, subsidies, laws.

Question 24

New Model Army

Answer 24

The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war.

Question 25

Peace of Utrecht 1713

Answer 25

The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain, and conferring control of Gibraltar on England.

Question 26

Peter the Great 1682-1725

Answer 26

The Romanov czar who initiated the westernization of Russian society by traveling to the West and incorporating techniques of
manufacturing as well as manners and dress.

Question 27

Petition of Right (1628)

Answer 27

Parliamentary document that restricted the king’s power. Most notably, it called for recognition of the writ of habeas corpus and held that only Parliament could impose new taxes.

Question 28

Puritan Revolution

Answer 28

A reference to the English civil war (1642-1646), waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in the monarch or in Parliament.

Question 29

Puritan Revolution

Answer 29

A reference to the English civil war (1642-1646), waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in the monarch or in Parliament.

Question 30

Puritans

Answer 30

Protestant sect in England hoping to “purify” the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.

Question 31

Restoration

Answer 31

The return of the Stuart monarchy (1660) after the period of republican government under Cromwell-in fact, a military dictatorship.

Question 32

Test Act (1673)

Answer 32

Law prohibiting Catholics and dissenters to hold political office.

Question 33

Versailles

Answer 33

Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility.