Consonants Flashcards
How do we articulatorily classify consonants? Give a brief description of each.
- place-where speech sounds are produced
- manner-how speech sounds are produced
- voicing-whether or not the vocal folds vibrate
What are characteristics of resonant (sonorant) consonants? and what are they?
- vowel-like
- nasals, liquids, glides
- resonance throughout the entire vocal tract
What are the articulatory characteristcs of non-resonant (obstruent) consonants? and what are they?
- minimal vocal resonance
- stops, fricatives, affricates
- resonance anterior to obstruction
- voiced have two sound sources: obstruction and vocal folds
Draw the consonant chart
What does “place” mean?
where speech sounds are produced
What does “manner” mean?
HOW speech sounds are produced
What does “voicing” mean?
-whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating
What are the 8 cognate pairs?
/p/ & /b/ “paper boy”
/t/ & /d/ “to do”
/f/ & /v/ “free vase”
/s/ & /z/ “see zoo”
/k/ & /g/ “keep going”
/ʃ/ & /ʒ/ “shoot fusion”
/tʃ/ & /dʒ/ “choose fudge”
/θ/ & /ð/ “thank that”
What is the manner of articulation for a stop and what are they?
- formed by a complete closure of the vocal tract
- aiflow is temporarily blocked
- air pressure builds up behind the point of closure
- release produces a stop burst or plosive
- velo pharynx is closed in order for oral pressure to build
- closing and opening movements are the fastest movements in speech
- three phases to a stop: closure-hold-release
7 stop consonants:
- /p/-pop
- /b/- bob
- /t/-tot
- /d/-did
- /k/-cake
- /g/-go
- /ʔ/-mounʔn
What is the Manner of articulation for nasals? and what are they?
- Comple oral closure
- open velopharynx so voicing energy travels through the nose
three nasals:
/m/-“man”
/n/-“no”
/ŋ/-‘ring”
What is the manner of articulation for fricatives and what are they?
- a sound produced with a narrow constriction through which air escapes with a continuous noise
- articulators form the narrow constriction and air pressure builds up behind the constriction
- velopharynx is closed
- Stridents vs. Nonstridentsa) Stridents: /s/,/z/,/ʃ/, /ʒ/
b) Nonstridents: /f/,/v/,/θ/, /ð/,/h/
9 fricative consonants:
/f/-fan
/v/-van
/s/-sun
/z/-zip
/h/-hat
/ʒ/-pleasure
/ʃ/-ship
/θ/-thin
/ð/-that
what is the manner of articulation for affricates and what are they?
- combination fo stop closure and fricative
- two affricates:
/tʃ/-chin
/dʒ/-fudge
What are the articulatory characteristics of liquids and what are they?
-vowel like consonant with voicing energy constricted only slightly more than vowels
alveolar /l/ liquids produced with midline closure and lateral opening for sound
palatal /r/ liquids are produced in two primary ways:
- a. tongue tip curled and held up
- b. tongue based bunched up against palate/velum
2 liquids:
/l/-like
/r/-red
What are the articulatory characteristics of glides? and what are they?
- semivowels
- constriction of the vocal tract narrower than for vowels
- always prevocalic (they always come before a vowel)
- gliding motion from constricted to open
- /w/ velar glide similar to position for /u/
- /j/ palatal glide similar to position for /i/
two glides:
- /w/- wise
- /j/-yes
which consanants are considered semi vowels?
the glides of /w/, and /j/
and some phoneticians say the liquids of /l/, and /r/
