Consonants Flashcards
Arytenoids
Cartilage
/w/
Labial-velar Fricative
/w/
Labial-velar Fricative
tʃɜ
ch (church)
ʒ
dg (bridge)
Degree of stricture
How close the articulators are together
Plosives
Complete closure (stops), velum raised, oral, no nasal airflow
Fricatives
Incomplete closure, narrow opening, creates turbulence
Approximants
Incomplete closure, wider opening, no turbulence
Taps, flaps, trills
Rapid full closure
Affricate
Combines plosive with an immediate fricative sharing the same POA
Raised soft palate
Oral
Lowered soft palate
Nasal
Family 1
Complete obstruction of vocal tract
Family 2
Differ in degrees of constriction
Nasal
Complete obstruction, velum lowered
Trill
Complete obstruction, velum raised, multiple closures
Tap/Flap
Brief complete obstruction, velum raised
Manner: Plosives
/p/, /t/, /k/, /b/, /d/, /g/, /ʔ/
Manner: Nasals
/m/, /n/, /ŋ/
Manner: Trills
/B/, /ɾ/
Manner: Taps/Flaps
/r/ eg. wate/r/
Manner Diagram
Schematic diagram indicating oral cavity structure
Affricate
Complete constrict, stops, fricative, narrow airflow in medial
Lateral Fricative
Narrow lateral constriction
Approximant
Wide medial constriction
Lateral Approximant
Wide lateral constriction
Manner: Fricatives
/f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/
Manner: Lateral Fricatives
/ɬ/
Manner: Approximants
/j/, /w/
Manner: Affricates
/tʃ/, /dʒ/
Palatography
Technique for observing position of tongue in relation to palate during articulation Eg. dye put on tongue
Obstruents
Plosives, fricatives, affricates - sounds that involve pressure change and noise in production, either voiced or voiceless
Sonorants
Approximants, nasals, vowels - no changes in pressure or production of noise, always voiced
