Consolidation Session

Question 1

What rates of ATP are used in exercise?

Answer 1

Jogging 10km/h - 50% vo2max - 1.0mmol ATP/kg dm/s

Running 20km/h - 100% vo2max - 2.0mmol ATP/kg dm/s

Sprinting 36km/h - 180% vo2max - 3.6mmol ATP/kg dm/s

Maximal isometic contraction 12.0mmol ATP/kg dm/

Question 2

What is the adenylate kinase reaction?

Answer 2

ATP formed rapidly by the transfer of phosphate from one molecule of ADP to another.

Myokinase

Question 3

Explain lactate formation

Answer 3

Lactacte form when excess hydrogen ions from NADH combine temporarily with pyruvate, this allows the regeneration of NAD+ that was converted to NADH when it accepted the H+ removed from 3-phosphoglcealdehyde earlier in the glycolytic pathway

Question 4

How does increased H+ contribute to fatigue?

Answer 4

• Inhibits anaerobic glycolysis
• Inhibits cross-bridge cycling
• Stimulates free nerve endings

Question 5

Explain the Cori cycle

Answer 5

Lactate produced in the skeletal muscle enters blood and is transported to liver to resynthesized to glucose to be returned to skeletal muscle to be used as energy or stored as glycogen

Question 6

Summary of fat metabolism

Answer 6

• Breakdown
• Transport into blood stream
• Transport into cell
• Transport into mitochondria
• Beta - HAD
• TCA
• ETC

Question 7

What are the 3 key variable in endurance performance?

Answer 7

• Vo2max
• Exercise economy (energy output)
• Lactate threshold (marker of energy provision)

Question 8

Revision Map

1. Energy Systems

Answer 8

1. Energy Systems
   Immediate energy systems and their limitations. The relationship between substrates and energy provision - especially RER. The key intermediary role that acetyl CoA plays in the energy systems.

Question 9

Revision Map

2. Protein consumption

Answer 9

Considerations around protein consumption and the 5 factors to consider. Evidence that underpins this approach. Functional outcomes.

Question 10

Revision Map

3. Fat oxidation and exercise

Answer 10

What factors regulate fat oxidation, when is it optimal, when is it limiting? Are their particular factors that regulate fatty acid availability?

Question 11

Revision Map

4. Lactate production and exercise

Answer 11

How can we determine someone’s lactate threshold from a data set. How can we use this information to determine someone’s training intensity?

Question 12

Revision Map

5. Carbohydrate feeding and muscle glycogen availability

Answer 12

Links to energy systems and ATP resynthesis - how does exercise intensity drive substrate usage? What role does muscle glycogen play in this?

Question 13

Revision Map

6.Endurance adaptations to training

Answer 13

Understanding of the endurance adaptations to training.