Console commands

Question 1

sudo

Answer 1

Allows for superuser access

Question 2

ifconfig

Answer 2

You can use the ifconfig command to assign an address to a network interface and to configure or display the current network interface configuration information

Question 3

ipconfig

Answer 3

internet protocol config, provides the user with IP, subnet mask, and default gateway for each network adapter by default the /all option

Question 4

route

Answer 4

defines the paths a data packet takes through networks
- Can also be used to add or remove routes. Used by local host to determine where to send traffic.

Question 5

ping

Answer 5

verifies connectivity and latency
- Sends an internal control message protocol (ICMP) echo request to a host and listens for the reply.
- If the echo is received, it will display the time it took and the time to live (TTL) left.
- Useful for troubleshooting!

Question 6

nslookup

Answer 6

helps resolve a name associated with an ip lookup

Question 7

traceroute or tracert

Answer 7

used to trace a route an IP packet takes to a destination
- Displays each hop (next router) in a numerical list with the hop’s IP address and the time it takes to receive the packet
- traceroute for Linux or tracert for windows
- Need admin privileges

Question 8

tracepath

Answer 8

can be used by a regular user, as opposed to a superuser
- Same as traceroute, but with regular privileges

Question 9

whois

Answer 9

provides information on who a domain belongs to.
- Primarily used in Linux. Certain pieces of information are private.

Question 10

ARP

Answer 10

Address resolution protocol displays the IP to physical (MAC) address mappings for hosts that have been discovered in the ARP cache
- The hosts must be connected to the local network

Question 11

netstat

Answer 11

network statistics. displays information about active ports and their state and can be useful in troubleshooting

Question 12

nslookup

Answer 12

name server lookup displays information for displaying DNS info and troubleshooting DNS problems. Useful for displaying names to IP address mappings.

Question 13

dig

Answer 13

domain information groper is used for displaying DNS info and troubleshooting. Is a replacement for nslookup

Question 14

scp

Answer 14

security copy protocol is used to securely copy files between servers leveraging SSH for authentication and encryption.

Question 15

ftp

Answer 15

File transfer protocol copies the file from one host to another host. Uses TCP.

Question 16

tftp

Answer 16

trivial file transfer protocol transfers a file from server to host or from host to server. It uses UDP instead of FTP so it is usually used on local networks.

Question 17

finger

Answer 17

displays information about a user or users on a remote system, including such things as last login and username. Primarily used on linux.

Question 18

nmap

Answer 18

Network mapper scans networks to see what it can find in terms of hosts and open ports. Commonly used to find vulnerabilities on a network. Nmap is not native to either windows or linux.

Question 19

tcpdump

Answer 19

Displays TCP/IP packets that are being transmitted over the network system. A form or protocol analyzer (sniffer) and is designed to show the contents of network packets in human readable form. Not native to linux or windows.

Question 20

telnet/ssh

Answer 20

allows a user to manage accounts and devices remotely. SSH is encrypted, telnet is not.