Conservatism

Question 1

Authoritarianism

Answer 1

A belief that strong central authority, imposed from above, is either desirable or necessary, and therefore demands unquestioning obedience

Question 2

New right

Answer 2

An ideological trend within conservatism that embraces a blend of market individualism and social authoritarianism

Question 3

Tradition

Answer 3

Values, practices or institutions that have endured through time and, in particular, been passed down from one generation to the next

Question 4

Anomie

Answer 4

A weakening of values and normative rules, associated with feelings of isolation, loneliness and meaningless

Question 5

Organicism

Answer 5

A belief that society operates like an organism or living entity, the whole being more than a collection of its individual parts

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

The theory that social institutions and practices should be understood in terms of the functions they carry out in sustaining the larger social system

Question 7

Hierarchy

Answer 7

A gradation of social positions or status; hierarchy implies structural or fixed inequality in which position is unconnected with individual ability

Question 8

Natural aristocracy

Answer 8

The idea that talent and leadership are innate or inbred qualities that cannot be acquired through effort or self - advancement

Question 9

Authority

Answer 9

The right to exert influence over others by virtues of an acknowledged obligation to obey

Question 10

Property

Answer 10

The ownership of physical goods or wealth, whether by private individuals, groups of people or the state

Question 11

Privatisation

Answer 11

The transfer of state assets from the public to the private sector, reflecting a contraction of the state’s responsibilities

Question 12

Populism

Answer 12

A belief that popular instincts and wishes are the principal legitimate guide to political action, often reflecting distrust or hostility towards political elites

Question 13

Christian democracy

Answer 13

An ideological tradition within European conservatism that is characterised by a commitment to the social market and qualified economic intervention

Question 14

Social market

Answer 14

An economy that is structured by market principles but which operates in the context of a society in which cohesion is maintained through a comprehensive welfare system and effective public services

Question 15

Economic liberalism

Answer 15

A belief in the market as a self regulating mechanism that tends to naturally deliver general prosperity and opportunities for all

Question 16

Neoliberalism

Answer 16

An updated version of classical political economy that is dedicated to market individualism and minimal statism

Question 17

Neoconservatism

Answer 17

A modern version of social conservatism that emphasis the need to restore order, return to traditional of family values, or to revitalise nationalism

Question 18

Permissiveness

Answer 18

The willingness to allow people to make their own moral choices; permissiveness suggests that there are no authoritarian values

Question 19

Washington consensus

Answer 19

A neoliberal framework embraced since the 1980s by key Washington - based international institutions, reflecting support for fiscal discipline, privatisation, and financial and trade liberalisation

Question 20

Civic conservatism

Answer 20

A form of conservatism, rooted in social conservatism, that calls for a transformation of the civic culture to counter - balance what are seen as the ‘excesses’ of state control and the free market