conservation of marinne biodiversity Flashcards
What is biological diversity
The variability of life in all its forms, levels and combinations.
Principle approaches to conservation of marine biological diversity
- Regional approach
- Species specific approach
- Activity specific approach
Explain the regional approach
This approach seeks to conserve marine ecosystems in a specific marine space or habitat.
An example is the 1980 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
Explain the species specific approach
Conserves a certain category of species. E.g, 1979 IMS/Bonn Convention
Activity specific approach
Focuses on regulation of activities threatening the survival of endangered species. e.g 1973 CITES
Global frameworks for conservation of marine biological diversity
UNCLOS, 1992 CBD, Int Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, CITES, MARPOL, ISA
Int SOFT LAW INSTRUMENTS
IMO’s PSSAs, FAO Regulations
What is a Marine Protected Area(MPAs)
An area within the maritime area for which protective, conservation, restorative or precautionary measures consistent with int. law have been instituted for the purpose of protecting and conserving species, habitats, ecosystems or ecological processes of the environment.
Typology of MPAs
- For marine environment protection (PSSA, ice covered areas, special areas under MARPOL, SPAs)
- For marine biological diversity conservation (Species specific MPAs, MPAs protecting fragile ecosystems)
Types of conservation
In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation
Limits of MPAs
- Lack of interlinkage between MPAs and marine pollution control regulators.
- Cannot protect the biodiversity from adverse effects of climate change.
- MPAs cannot regulate fishing activities
Challenges in Marine Biodiversity Conservation
Climate change, overfishing and bycatch, habitat destruction, pollution and plastic waste, noise pollution
