Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BB10205 > Conservation biology 2 > Flashcards

Conservation biology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does size of patch affect?

A

Carrying capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do edges affect?

A

Species fitness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does distance and type of matrix determine?

A

Migration between patches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can isolation lead to?

A

Extinction, but can also lead to speciation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the small population approach?

A

The idea that populations should be protected once they are too small. This is usually associated with a genetic approach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the declining population approach?

A

The idea that populations should be protected once they are consistently declining in size, even if they are not currently small. It is usually associated with an ecological approach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the idea of the extinction vortex?

A

The idea that small populations are prone to loss of genetic diversity via genetic drift, which leads to inbreeding depression. This in turn leads to smaller populations - an extinction vortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is loss of genetic variation problematic?

A

It is needed to enable evolution o responses to environmental change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What always leads to extinction?

A

Small populations and low genetic diversity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the case of the greater prairie chickens?

A

There was bottle neck effects due to a sudden reduction in available prairie habitat which caused a severe reduction in the population of greater prairie chickens in illinois. The surviving birds had low levels of genetic variation, and only 50% of the eggs hatched.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How did scientists increase the genetic variation of the greater prairie chickens?

A

They transplanted birds from larger populations causing the declining population to rebound. This confirmed the importance of genetic variation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of ex-situ conservation?

A

Captive breeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the objective of captive breeding?

A

Breed in captivity to release when the conditions are appropriate for wild survival.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are three examples of animals that have been captively bred?

A

Bald eagles, great bustard project and the white clawed crayfish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the case of the Californian condor?

A

Their population declined due to lead poisoning so they were captured and taken into captivity. They females were tricked into laying up to 3 eggs, and reintroduction started in 1988.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the dangers associated with reintroduction of captive animals into the wild?

A

There may be behavioural and physiological changes (as well as loss of genetic variability) which may limit eventual settlement. There is also the risk of introducing pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an example of ex-situ conservation?

A

Storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the objective of storage conservation?

A

Preserve plants and germplasm that can be distributed when needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is population viability analysis?

A

It assess the combined impacts on extinction risk of determinisitic factors and stochastic events. It compares alternative management options in species recovery programs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are deterministic factors?

A

Habitat loss, over-exploitation, pollution and introduced species.

21
Q

What are stochastic events?

A

Demographic (natural fluctuations in birth and death rates and sex-ratio independent environment effects), environment (fluctuations in birth and death rates and sex-ratio due to fluctuation in environment), genetic stochasticity (inbreeding depression, genetic drift, divergence of population) and catastrophes (infrequent extreme environmental events)

22
Q

What is one of the ways to prevent Florida manatee becoming extinct?

A

Using speed control zones to reduce mortality from propeller injuries.

23
Q

What does the international union of conservation do?

A

It monitors biodiversity.

24
Q

How is the IUCN species endangered level criteria assigned?

A

Reductions in numbers, total geographic area occupied, numbers of mature reproductive individuals, habitat loss and requirements etc - considered a population viability analysis.

25
Q

What are umbrella species?

A

Species in which serve as a protective umbrella for others. A habitat may be preserved to meet the needs of this species in order to help preserve the habitat for many others.

26
Q

What categories of species are vulnerable to extinction?

A

Species that only occur in threatened habitat types, species that are economically valuable, species that do not have much experience of disturbance, species that evolved in isolation within a limited community wihout human contact, species that lack long distance dispersal mechanisms, species requiring large home ranges, short-lived species, species with a low adult survival rate, species with low genetic variability and species with a low intrinsic growth rate.

27
Q

What has the UK biodiversity action plan identified?

A

1150 endangered species.

28
Q

What are biodiversity hotspots?

A

Areas where there is a large amount of biodiversity - conserving these areas is a sensible approach.

29
Q

Why is establishment of nature reserves important?

A

As habitat loss is the biggest contributor to biodiversity loss.

30
Q

Why might larger reserves be favoured?

A

Large, far-ranging animals with low-density populations require extensive habitats.

31
Q

Why might smaller reserves be favoured?

A

They may be more realistic and slow the spread of disease throughout a population.

32
Q

What is the island biogeography theory?

A

The idea that large reserves are better than small ones and that a single large reserve is better than multiple small ones. Reserves close together are better than ones a long way apart and a compact cluster of reserves is better than ones a long way apart. Circular reserves are better than long thin ones, and reserves connected by a corridor are better than reserves not connected by a corridor.

33
Q

What is the population approach?

A

Saving individual species. It was more common in the past but is still ongoing and has offered good PR, but let too many others go extinct.

34
Q

What is conserving entire ecosystems/landscapes based on?

A

Increased awareness of the importance of species interactions and increased awareness about ecosystem service.

35
Q

What are the services the ecosystems may provide?

A

Processes in which natural ecosystems and their species sustain human life. They operate at such a large scale with layers of complexity that they cannot be replicated via technology.

36
Q

What are the different types of ecosystem services?

A

Supporting services, provisioning services, regulating services and cultural services.

37
Q

What are supporting services?

A

The underlying support for all other services such as soil formation, photosynthesis and nutrient cycling.

38
Q

What are provisioning services?

A

Food, fibers, fuel and water.

39
Q

What are regulating services?

A

Benefits from ecosystem processes that regulate e.g. climate, floods, disease and water quality.

40
Q

What are cultural services?

A

Recreation, aesthetic enjoyment, tourism and ethical values.

41
Q

What are types of ecosystem services?

A

Global scale, landscape scale, community scale and field, plot or individual person scale.

42
Q

What is carbon sequestration?

A

The natural or artificial process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere.

43
Q

What is an example of landscape scale ecosystem services?

A

Water purification and erosion control.

44
Q

What is an example of community scale ecosystem services?

A

Crop pollination and pest control.

45
Q

What is an example of field/plot/individual person scale ecosystem services?

A

Local nutrients, disease and pest prevention.

46
Q

What conflicts may conservation biology encounter?

A

Land use conflicts.

47
Q

When did grey wolves go extinct?

A

1920s.

48
Q

Why was the restoration of wolves opposed by local ranchers and the mining industry?

A

There were concerns they would attack cattle, and the presence of endangered species restricts access to minerals.

49
Q

What is the great pacific garbage patch?

A

A patch in the pacific of accumulating plastic.

BB10205 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions