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Environmnetal Science > Conservation > Flashcards

Conservation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the IUCN red list?

A

The international union for conservation of nature - catergorises species based on extinction risk

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2
Q

What are the catergories in the IUCN red list?

A
  • Extinct
  • Extinct in the wild
  • Critically endangered
  • Endangered
  • Vulnerable
  • Near threatened
  • Least concern
  • Data deficient
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3
Q

What are the catergories in the IUCN red list?

A
  • Extinct
  • Extinct in the wild
  • Critically endangered
  • Endangered
  • Vulnerable
  • Near threatened
  • Least concern
  • Data deficient
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4
Q

2014 - IUCN red list

A

BEARDED VULTURE
- Least concern to near threatened
- Declining due to poisoning, competition for food + powerlines

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5
Q

2013 - IUCN red list

A

OKAPI
- Near threatened to endangered
- Population decline due to hunting, habitat loss + military conflict

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6
Q

2015 IUCN red list

A

IBERIAN LYNX
- Critically endangered to endangered
- Population trebled in 15yrs due to captive breeding programme + protection of two areas of suitable habitats

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7
Q

2016 IUCN red list

A

PLAINS ZEBRA
- Least concern to near threatened
- Declining population due to habitat loss

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8
Q

6 criteria’s used by IUCN to select species for catergorisation

A
  • Species in habitats under particular threat
  • Evolutionarily unique species
  • Endemic species
  • Keystone species
  • Flagship species
  • Degree of population dispersal
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9
Q

What is an EDGE species?

A
  • Evoloutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered
  • They have few closely related species
  • Often only remaining member of their genus
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10
Q

Example of EDGE species

A
  • Pygmy hippo
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11
Q

What is an endemic species?

A
  • Species not found in any other area
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12
Q

Example of endemic species

A

Galapagos Giant Tortoise

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13
Q

What is a keystone species?

A
  • A species with an important role in maintaining the ecological structure of a community
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14
Q

Example of keystone species

A

African forest elephant - keep path for forest open, seed dispersal, provide water holes, minerals, nutrients + habitats

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15
Q

What did the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) put in place?

A
  • Designated protected areas
  • Protection of wild birds and their habitats
  • Protection of mammal species
  • Made it illegal to uproot plants
  • Bats may not be disturbed/poisoned
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16
Q

What is CITES?

A

The convention on international trade of endangered species.

17
Q

What does CITES do?

A
  • It is an international agreement that bands or regulates the trade of wildlife species and their products.
  • Selected protected species are grouped into appendices
18
Q

What is Appendix I of CITES?

A

Species which are threatened with extinction, all international trade is banned except for movement for conservation breeding programmes.
—> all great apes, big cats, rhinos and the blue whale.

19
Q

What is appendix II of CITES?

A
  • Species which are threatened with extinction if trade is not controlled
  • Trade is permitted from some countries where the species is relatively well protected
    —> great white sharks, basking shark and venus fly trap
20
Q

What is the IWC?

A

International whaling commison

21
Q

What have the IWC put in place?

A
  • Commercial ban of whaling in 1986
  • Conserve whale population
  • Whaling is still able to occur
22
Q

What method have been used by IWC to conserve whale population?

A
  • Designation of sanctuaries
  • Setting quotas
  • Protection of mothers + calves
23
Q

Under what conditions can whaling still occur?

A
  • Aboriginal subsistence
  • Special permit required
  • Commercial whaling in Norway and Iceland
24
Q

What is the ITTO

A

International Tropical Timber Organisation

25
Q

What had the ITTO say put in place?

A
  • Sustainable tropical forests
  • Bringing consumers + producers together
  • Little evidence of success
26
Q

What is in-situ conservation?

A

Conserving species in their habitat

27
Q

What is ex-situ conservation?

A

Conserving species outside their habitat

28
Q

What needs to be considered before keeping a species in captivity?

A
  • Habitat size
  • Food
  • Interrelated species
  • Financial constraints
29
Q

What is cryopreservation?

A
  • Storage of eggs, sperm + embryos by freezing
30
Q

What are the benefits of cryopreservation?

A
  • Can be used for future breeding programmes
  • Can be transported further much easier
31
Q

What is artificial insemination (AI)?

A

Collection of semen and its insertion into a female to produce offspring

32
Q

What are the benefits of artificial insemination (AI)?

A

Avoids breeding behaviours that occur in breeding programmes that involve natural mating
—> transport of an individual
—> dangerous
—> rejecting their mate

33
Q

What are the stages of embryo transfer?

A

1) Species is treated with hormones that lead to ovulation
2) Eggs are washed out of uterus
3) Each embryo is implanted into a female of the less endangered species

Environmnetal Science (3 decks)

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