consequences of muscle atrophy

Question 1

rate coding is more important at _______ forces

Answer 1

medium - high

Question 2

recruitment is more important at ________ forces

Answer 2

low

Question 3

length tension relationship

Answer 3

• the maximal force/ tension produced will differ as the muscle lengthens and shortens
• the amount of tension produced by a muscle as a feature of its length

Question 4

force velocity relationship

Answer 4

• the ability of the muscle to generate force depends on the speed of the contraction
• depends on eccentric and concentric contraction

Question 5

somatosensation

Answer 5

• sensory information from the skin and musculoskeletal systems

Question 6

proprioception

Answer 6

• ability to integrate sensory info to determine joint or body segment position and movement in space

Question 7

proprioception comes from

Answer 7

• muscle spindles
• golgi tendon organs
• joint receptors
• cutaneous receptors

Question 8

cutaneous receptors

Answer 8

• skin

- tells you what you feel

Question 9

joint receptors

Answer 9

• joints

- if you know where your joints are then you know the length of the muscle

Question 10

golgi tendon organs (GTO)

Answer 10

• tendons

Question 11

muscle spindles

Answer 11

• muscles

- receptors of where you are in space and time

Question 12

T/F: proprioception is needed to make a commands

Answer 12

True! EXAMPLE: when blind folded you can sense where your own nose is and touch it, but without vision you cannot just sense where your friends nose is to touch it

Question 13

what part of the motor neuron receives information

Answer 13

dendrites

Question 14

divergence

Answer 14

• one input from one neuron is sent to multiple neurons

- divergent disperses activity

Question 15

convergence

Answer 15

• multiple inputs from many neurons sent to a single neuron

- convergence condenses activity

Question 16

muscle spindles are ______ the ______

Answer 16

within, fibers

Question 17

inside muscle spindles are _________

Answer 17

intrafusal muscle fibers

Question 18

intrafusal muscle fibers main function is for

Answer 18

sensory information

Question 19

how many intrafusal fibers are within a spindle

Answer 19

7-10

Question 20

extrafusal muscle fibers main fucntion is for

Answer 20

force

Question 21

spindles are known as

Answer 21

mechanoreceptors

Question 22

function of mechanoreceptors

Answer 22

• detect a mechanical stimulus (deformation)

- detect specific mechanical deformation

Question 23

the end of the spindle is the

Answer 23

contractile element

Question 24

afferent

Answer 24

sensory (sensory neurons)

Question 25

efferent

Answer 25

motor (motor neurons)

Question 26

Group Ia

Answer 26

primary afferent (bigger)

Question 27

Group II

Answer 27

secondary afferent (smaller)

Question 28

discharge rate

Answer 28

• firing rate

Question 29

secondary afferent is coding for _____

Answer 29

• muscle length
• increase muscle length increase fire rate
• decrease muscle length, decrease fire rate

Question 30

primary afferent is coding for ____

Answer 30

• change in muscle length (velocity) (speedometer)
• muscle length
• when velocity is 0 there is a decrease in firing of primary afferent

Question 31

muscle spindles ___________ and then give us ______________ about the state of our muscles

Answer 31

detect what the muscle is doing, proprioceptive information

Question 32

monosynaptic pathway

Answer 32

• one connection between sensory and motor neuron

- direct pathway

Question 33

monosynaptic pathways is ____ _____

Answer 33

very quick (25-35 milliseconds)