Consequences for Europe after end of Cold War

Question 1

Intro

Answer 1

Consequences due to rush of power to eastern EU countries from independence, thanks to Gorbachev. However instability.

Question 2

Violence

Answer 2

Ethnic divisions in Azerbaijan and Armenia - Soviet troops tried to quell disturbances - fighting began - 130 killed - Azerbaijani Communist party members left party as act of USSR seen as betrayal. USSR tried to contain Georgian independence. 1991 Latvia tried to restore communist power by overthrowing assembly. Lithuania 14 protesters died defending parliament from Sov troops.

Question 3

Stability ‘Summer of Sovereignty’ (3 things)

Answer 3

1) ‘Alliance of Germany’ supporting reunification won majority in April 1990 resulting in two plus four talks in Oct 1990 in which GDR joined FRG. 2) Velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia - new gov formed with communist minority - 1992 split into two countries. 3) Poland - Social Democratic Party in power, Hungary - 1994 - Hungarian Socialist Workers Party - Bulgarian Socialist Party gained majority.

Question 4

Instability in Russia

Answer 4

Boris Yeltsin took power June 1991 and looked heroic by putting down Communist Coup in August 1991. 2) Yeltsin banned CPSU in 1991 and supervised Gorbachev’s removal. Yeltsin unpopular with old CPSE members - used tanks in 1993 to force them out - 187 killed. 3) Economically old communist planning system abandoned for capitalist ‘shock therapy’ as Yeltsin opened economy capitalism - corruption and poverty common. 4) Social problems - Muslim region of Chechnya wanted independence and war in 1994 - 80,000 Chechnyans killed.