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IP1 > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

awareness of self and surroundings

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2
Q

How do we know there are altered states of consciousness?

A

Dependent on reports of subjective experience
Mind body dualism; subjective vs. objective

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3
Q

What is the hard problem? (Chalmers)

A

The problem of explaining how physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective experience

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4
Q

What are the functional views of consciousness? (What are the functions of conscioussness

A
  • Monitoring
  • Controlling
  • Conscious and Unconscious actions
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5
Q

What do you mean by ‘monitoring’ as a functional view of consciousness?

A

you experience what you give your attention to and have periods of inattention blindness where you don’t notice something that is staring you in the face (cause your attention was somewhere else).

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6
Q

What do you mean by ‘controlling’ as a functional view of consciousness?

A

you plan, initiate, and guide your actions whilst conscious

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7
Q

Many things come under ‘conscious and unconscious actions’ - what are actions that are always unconscious called?

A

visuomotor control

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8
Q

Many things come under ‘conscious and unconscious actions’ - what are actions/techniques that are normally unconscious but can be brought under some conscious control?

A

biofeedback

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9
Q

Example of unconscious processing?

A

subliminal perception
thought suppression

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10
Q

What is subliminal perception

A

stimuli below individuals’ threshold for conscious perception

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11
Q

What is thought suppression?

A

blocking out a certain thought

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12
Q

What is thought suppressing an example of?

A

an ironic process

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13
Q

What two things is the ironic process made up of?

A

The internal operating process (intentional) and the ironic monitoring process (automatic)

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14
Q

What is intentional operating process

A

searches for mental contents to create desired mental state

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15
Q

What is ironic monitoring process

A

searches for mental contents that signal failure of mental control (automatic)

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16
Q

What is an example of the ironic process?

A

The stroop effect

17
Q

What is the stroop effect?

A

The Stroop effect is a phenomenon in which the processing of a word’s meaning interferes with the ability to name the ink color in which the word is written.

The Stroop effect is linked to ironic processes because it involves a conflict between intentional and automatic processes, which can produce unintended and often opposite effects.

In the Stroop task, participants are asked to name the ink color of a word while ignoring the word’s meaning. This requires intentional effort to focus on the task-relevant aspect of the stimulus (the ink color) and inhibit automatic processing of the word’s meaning.

18
Q

Name the psychoactive drugs?

A

classified by effect on behaviour:
Sedatives & hypnotics
Stimulants
Opiates
Hallucinogens & psychedelics

19
Q

What do sedatives and hypnotics do?

A

induce sleep

20
Q

what do stimulants do?

A

activate behaviour

21
Q

what do opiates do?

A

impact emotional state

22
Q

what do hallucinogens and psychedelics do?

A

change the perception of colour and reality
- spiritual/sacred significance in many cultures

23
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

Visual images with pattern, colours and constant forms (spiral cobweb etc)

24
Q

what are delusions

A

merging with surroundings

25
Q

what can the emotional changes range from?

A

euphoria to terror

26
Q

What are the two types of meditation?

A

Concentrative/one-point meditations
Open meditation

27
Q

What is Concentrative/one-point meditation?

A

diminish sensory input

28
Q

What is open meditation?

A

aware of everything around

29
Q

What is hypnosis?

A

Social interaction in which one person (subject) responds to suggestions offered by another (hypnotist) involving alterations in perception, memory, & voluntary action
- definition by Kilstrom in 1985

30
Q

What are the two views on hypnosis?

A

Altered consciousness
Period of focused attention

31
Q

What is altered consciousness and what percentage of people reported that they experienced this type?

A
  • 40% of people hypnotised
  • the hidden observer: in hypnosis, a person can observe themselves and/or the pain they are in without having to experience the pain directly (altered consciousness just means ‘ a varied state of awareness’).
32
Q

What is Period of focused attention?

A
  • 60% of people hypnotised
  • state of social compliance and suggestibilty - like very very compliant

ASK ABOUT THIS.

33
Q

hallucinations in hypnosis can either be positive or negative. What are positive hallucinations?

A

sees or hears something that is not present

34
Q

hallucinations in hypnosis can either be positive or negative. What are negative hallucinations?

A

fails to perceive something e.g. pain
- can be used as clinical pain relief.

IP1 (2 decks)

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