CONSCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 topics does Aquinas Discuss ?

A
  • RATIO
  • SYNDERESIS
  • IGNORANCE
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2
Q

What is Aquinas’ view of Conscience in relation to RATIO ?

A
  • To UNDERSTAND CONSCIENCE you NEED to UNDERSTAND RATIO (reason)
  • HUMANS have SPECIAL QUALITIES, LEARN to DO SOPHISTICATED THINGS – RATIO DISTINGUISHES HUMANS from OTHER ANIMALS – ONLY HUMANS can DELIBERATE overall MORAL MATTERS – RATIO is a FUNDAMENTAL PART of the created human being – DIVINE GIFT from GOD
  • CONNECTS US To the ETERNAL REALM, to The DIVINE
  • MORALITY ISN’T doing what’s CULTURALLY ACCEPTED by many - with RATIO there’s MOVEMENT to SOMETHING HIGH, BEYOND what’s SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE to a higher morality
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3
Q

What is Aquinas’ view of Conscience in relation to SYNDERESIS?

A
  • WITHIN US there’s SOMETHING that DIRECTS US TOWARDS GOOD and AWAY from EVIL
  • there’s a SENSUALITY within Each of Us , TEMPTS US towards EVIL, OPERATING IN the GARDEN of Eden where Eve and Adam were tempted
  • SYNDERESIS is a HABIT where we can USE RATIO to CULTIVATE ( BUILD IT / ACQUIRE ) the HABIT of SYNDERESIS
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4
Q

What is Aquinas’ view of Conscience in relation to IGNORANCE ?

A
  • CONSCIENCE is BINDING - Going AGAINST REASON is ALWAYS WRONG - humans should DO what THEY THINK is RIGHT which can be discovered through reason
  • ACKNOWLEDGES HUMAN being can MAKE MISTAKES as RATIO INVOLVES KNOWLEDGE which can be INCOMPLETE , we CAN do the WRONG THING EVEN if we THOUGHT it was RIGHT - doesn’t mean we’re blameless
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5
Q

What are the 2 Types of IGNORANCE AQUINAS comes up with - explained

A
  • VINCIBLE IGNORANCE - Wrong Decision, ARE to BLAME as you DIDN’T Go FAR ENOUGH in Gathering APPROPRIATE EVIDENCE, e.g. headteacher
  • INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE - Wrong Decision when there’s a LACK of KNOWLEDGE are NOT to BLAME - ACTED to BEST of Our KNOWLEDGE , done all we can e.g. mother cake
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6
Q

What is a CRITICISM of AQUINAS’S View on Conscience

A
  • WESTBORO BAPTIST CHURCH - IF GOD has GIVEN US ALL the FACULTY of REASON , Then HOW can some PEOPLE USE IT to JUSTIFY such DISCRIMINATORY BEHAVIOR?
    Why don’t we all reason what’s good in the same way
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7
Q

FREUD - What are the 3 DIFFERENT LEVELS of The Mind that OPERATE HUMAN PERSONALITY?

A
  • The ID
  • The EGO
  • The SUPER EGO
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8
Q

Explain FREUD’S idea of the ID

A
  • an Entirely UNCONSCIOUS ASPECT of PERSONALITY that’s PRESENT from BIRTH, the MOST CENTRAL COMPONENT Of Personality - powerful, DRIVEN By the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE , SEEKS IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION
  • If striving for IG FAILS to SATISFY all Wants, then ANXIETY and TENSION RESULT
  • it’s NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE to SATISFY all of the ID’s DESIRES
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9
Q

Explain FREUD’S idea of the EGO?

A
  • NOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE to SEEK IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION for ALL our DESIRES
  • part that REACTS to the World as well as MEDIATING BETWEEN the EGO and SUPEREGO
  • DRIVEN by the REALITY PRINCIPLE , is a RATIONAL Part, the Ego Reconciles the Id
  • it’s DELAYED GRATIFICATION - it MANAGES the TENSIONS CAUSED when the ID’S DESIRES AREN’T IMMEDIATELY SATISFIED
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10
Q

Explain FREUD’S idea of the SUPER EGO

A
  • Part Most Closely with FEELINGS of GUILT that CONSCIENCE BRINGS - GUILTY CONSCIENCE is the INTERNALISATION of ANGER and DISAPPROVAL of OTHERS
  • the RESPIRATORY of INTERNALISED MORAL STANDARDS of RIGHT and WRONG that children acquire from family & society
  • the GREATER the SUPER EGO - DOMINATES Over the EGO, the GREATER the Extent to which a PERSON AVOIDS ACTIONS that RESULT in Them BREAKING the RULES -> can LEAD To a PERSON ACTING to PLEASE EXTERNAL AUTHORITY RATHER than FINDING WAY to MANAGE DESIRES in the LEAST SOCIALLY UNACCEPTABLE
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11
Q

What is a STRENGTH of FREUD’S View on Conscience ?

A
  • His explanation is BASED on PSYCHOLOGY RATHER than THEOLOGY. In engaging in empirical research - he PROVIDED a MORE SCIENTIFIC VIEW Than theological views like Aquinas
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12
Q

What is a WEAKNESS of FREUD’S View on Conscience ?

A
  • ALTHOUGH Freud’s Work is seen as EMPIRICAL , the RESEARCH it’s Based on is LIMITED - his analysis was based on a SMALL SAMPLE of PATIENTS with Psychological Problems - DIFFICULT to GENERALISE them to the Whole Population
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13
Q

What are the 2 ways FROMM considered Conscience as

A
  • AUTHORITARIAN Conscience
  • HUMANITARIAN Conscience
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14
Q

Explain FROMM’s AUTHORITARIAN CONSCIENCE ?

A
  • Derived from a FEAR of DISPLEASING AUTHORITY, led to guilt , Causing a GREATER SUBMISSION to AUTHORITY
  • Has Authority as it Came From an Authority
  • Involves us FEARING AUTHORITY enough to SUBMIT to its DEMANDS ,Fear of Displeasing Authority - FEAR PUNISHMENT when disobedient
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15
Q

Explain FROMM’s HUMANITARIAN CONSCIENCE ?

A
  • we all have ABILITY to JUDGE and EVALUATE Our BEHAVIOUR and ourselves as people , MAKING our OWN AUTHORITY FIGURES –> Aim for SELF ACTUALISATION
  • the EVOLVED CONSCIENCE , DEVELOPED as we Get Older - Evaluating and Moderating our behaviour ACCORDING to EXAMPLES of OTHERS
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16
Q

What is a STRENGTH of FROMM’s view on CONSCIENCE

A

argues FREUD is PARTIALLY CORRECT about Conscience - DOESN’T EXPLAIN the ACTS of THOSE that CHALLENGE AUTHORITY
FROMM DOES THIS in his HUMANITARIAN CONSCIENCE

17
Q

NEWMAN

A

THE TOAST CONSCIENCE QUOTE