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Civil Engineering > Cons Mat 1 > Flashcards

Cons Mat 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Quality control program

A

Specification
Standards
Testing

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2
Q

Followed Standards

A

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING & MATERIALS

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAYS & TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARDS

NATURAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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3
Q

Meaning of ASTM

A

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING & MATERIALS

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4
Q

Meaning of AASHTO

A

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAYS & TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

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5
Q

Meaning of ACI

A

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE

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6
Q

Meaning of PNS

A

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARDS

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7
Q

Meaning of NSCP

A

NATURAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

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8
Q

Determine whether the material should be allowed to be incorporated or be rejected into the work

A

material testing

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9
Q

Documented proof of the quality of materials

A

material testing

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10
Q

Tool for measuring quality control in project implementation

A

material testing

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11
Q

How materials are represented by a test

A

In accordance with the minimum testing requirements

Additional number of test can be required

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12
Q

Quality test of cement

A

1-Q every 2000 bags or fraction thereof

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13
Q

Quality test of CHB

A

1-Q every 10000 pcs or fraction thereof

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14
Q

Judgement by the costumer or users of a product or service

A

Quality

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15
Q

Extent to which the costumer or user feels the product or service surpasses their needs and expectations

A

Quality

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16
Q

Characteristics of a product that provides a level of performance in terms of service and life

A

Quality

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17
Q

Used in relation to something in need of checking or regulating due to some important and compelling reasons

A

Control

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18
Q

Used to correct something which has gone wrong or in other words.

A

Control

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19
Q

Is instituted as a corrective measure

A

Control

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20
Q

Widely and increasingly used in most industries to gauge the performance and excellence of work and product

A

Quality control

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21
Q

Purpose of Quality control in project 1

A

Insure the highest quality of work and extend the service life of any structure by constructing according to the prescribed plans and specifications

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22
Q

Indicate the specific type of the structure

A

plan

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23
Q

Present the characteristic in which it is built, as well as the materials that are to be incorporated into the work

A

Specifications

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24
Q

Purpose of Quality control in project 2

A

To check and regulate the use of construction materials and to economize on the cost of construction

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25
Q

Normally, every material should be subjected to?

A

testing
Inspection
and verification before acceptance

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26
Q

Who’s responsibility is Quality Control?

A

Everyone involved in the construction
as well as
the contractor’s engineers, inspectors, technicians, and even an ordinary laborors

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27
Q

Used in DPWH standards

A

Specifications

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28
Q

Applies to the written contract documents which includes material and workmanship requirements, inspection, and testing procedures and procedures for measurement and payment of the work.

A

Specification

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29
Q

Functions of specifications under the respect to the owner and his engineer

A

obligation to define material and workmanship requirements

Inspection and testing during the period of execution to indicate how work will be measured and paid for

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30
Q

Functions of specifications under the respect to the contractor

A

Obligation of complying with the contract requirements during the construction period

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31
Q

Meaning of GPC

A

Grading Plasticity Compaction

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32
Q

The prescribed tests on the construction materials to be used in a project based on approved contract quantities

A

Minimum testing requirements

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33
Q

The requirements which specify the kind and number of tests for each pay item of works

A

Minimum testing requirements

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34
Q

What is item 200 and 201

A

Sub base course
Base course

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35
Q

An unconsolidated or loose, combination of organic and inorganic materials

A

Soil

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36
Q

Organic materials of soil

A

Many time life forms that inhabit or live in the soil

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37
Q

Inorganic components of soil

A

Rocks and Minerals that have been gradually broken down by weather, chemical action and other natural processes

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38
Q

Considered a three-phase material composed of rocks or mineral particles, water and air.

A

Soil

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39
Q

Engineering properties of soil

A

Shear Strength
Stiffness
Permeability

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40
Q

Include shallow and deep doundation

A

Foundation built for above-ground structures

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41
Q

Includes earth-filled dams and retaining walls

A

Retaining Structures

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42
Q

Include embankment, tunnels, dikes, reservoirs, and sanitary landfills

A

Earthworks

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43
Q

Engineering Classification of Soil

A

A. Granular soil
B. Fine- grained soil
C. Organic soil

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44
Q

Passing 75mm (3’’) and retained on 0.075mm (#200) sieves

A

Granular or course-grained

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45
Q

May be crushed or natural angular particles and passing 75mm and retained on 2.0mm (#10) sieves

A

Stone

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46
Q

Rounded particles passing 75mm and retained on 2.0mm sieves mostly found in rivers

A

Gravel

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47
Q

Passing 2.0 mm and retained on 0.075mm sieves

A

Sand

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48
Q

(+) 2.0mm
(-) 0.425mm (#40)

A

course Sand

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49
Q

(+) 0.425 mm
(-) 0.075 mm

A

Fine sand

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50
Q

Granular Soil

A

Good load bearing qualities
Permeable, hence they drain easily
Comparatively incompressible when subjected to static loads
Not subject to changes in strength or volume due to variation in water content

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51
Q

Will undergo considerable reduction in volume if subjected to vibratory loads

A

Loose granular materials

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52
Q

Passing 0.075 mm and larger than 0.002 mm (fine and barely visible grains

A

Silt

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53
Q

Passing 0.002mm and larger than 0.001mm (cohesive or plastic)

A

Clay

54
Q

Fine-Grained soil

A

Poor load sustaining qualities
Highly impermeable
Compressible under a sustained load
Subjected to changes in volume and strength due to variation in water content.

55
Q

Passing 0.001 mm (gray to black color)

A

Organic soil

56
Q

Organic soil

A

Inferior than fine grained soils with respect to the properties
Fibrous soil due to the presence of under composed plant matter
Unhealthy sewage-sludge odor
Found as deposits in swamps and peat bogs.

57
Q

Soil containing qualities of organic material such as grass, roots, and sewage

A

Unsuitable soil material

58
Q

Highly organic soil such as peat and muck

A

Unsuitable soil material

59
Q

Soil with liquid limit exceeding 80 and/or plasticity index exceeding 55

A

unsuitable soil material

60
Q

Soil with natural water content exceeding 100%

A

Unsuitable soil material

61
Q

Soil with very low natural density, 800 kg/m^3 or lower

A

Unsuitable soil material

62
Q

Soil that can not be properly compacted as determined by the engineer

A

Unsuitable soil material

63
Q

Formula for plasticity index

A

PI = LL -PL

64
Q

Formula for water content

A

[(Weight of wet soil - dry soil) / weight of dry soil ] x 100

65
Q

Equally as important as the testing and the sampler shall use every precaution to obtain samples that will show the nature and condition of materials which they actually represent

A

Sampling

66
Q

Occupies a very important place in determining the availability and suitability of the largest single constituent entering into the construction

A

Sampling of potential soils and soil aggregates sources and types

67
Q

Sampling from undisturbed quarries

A
  1. Take sample separately from all strata that appear in color, texture and structure
  2. Proper identification of each sample as to location, color and texture is necessary as per sample card required.
68
Q

Sampling from commercial source stockpile

A
  1. Remove first the outer layer of the stockpile until the damp material is reached and take the sample
  2. Take samples from different section of the stockpile and mixed it thoroughly as one sample, as a representative sample
69
Q

Minimum testing requirement for Coarse aggregate

A

1 (sample)
1500 cu.m.

70
Q

Minimum testing requirement for fine aggregate

A

1 (sample)
1500 cu.m.

71
Q

Minimum testing requirement for Soil aggregate

A

none

72
Q

Minimum quantity requirement for Coarse aggregate

A

70 kg

73
Q

Minimum quantity requirement for fine aggregate

A

50kg

74
Q

Minimum quantity requirement for soil aggregates

A

none

75
Q

Preparation of samples for testing

A

Samples shall be dried thoroughly in air or in drying apparatus at a temperature not to exceed 60 degrees Celsius

76
Q

Reduction of samples for laboratory Testing

A

Quartering
Sample Splitter

77
Q

Laboratory tests for Granular soil sample

A

Grading/sieve analysis
Atterberg limit test (plasticity test)
Moisture- density relation test (compaction test in preparation for field density test)
California bearing ratio (CBR)
Abrasion test

78
Q

Determine the particle particle size distribution of soil and it is used to classify/identify the soil

A

Particle size analysis of soils

79
Q

3 Particle size analysis of soils

A

Sieve/grading test
Hydrometer test
Or a combined analysis

80
Q

Sieve/grading test procedure

A
  1. Pass the sample through a series of sieves
  2. Sieve the samples until not more than 1% by weight of the residue passes the sieve within 1 minute
  3. Weigh and record the quantity retained on each sieve
81
Q

Meaning of CCS

A

Concrete Cylinder Sample

82
Q

AASHTO T23

A

Sampling of Concrete

83
Q

Use of Concrete cylinder Sample

A

For compressive strength — Structural Concrete (buildings)

84
Q

Meaning of CBS

A

Concrete Beam Sample

85
Q

Use of Concrete Beam Sample

A

For flexural Strength — Concrete Pavement

86
Q

What does concrete mixed of

A

Cement
Sand
Gravel
Water

87
Q

Sampling of concrete

A

1-set of 3 (Cylinder/beam) every 75 cu.m or fraction thereof of each day of pouring.

88
Q

Tools used in making and curing test specimens in the field

A
  1. Cylinder molds 150mm x 300mm (6 x 12inch)
  2. Mallet
  3. Rod 16mm (5/8inch) diameter 610 mm (24inch) long
89
Q

Steps in molding specimens

A
  1. Scoop the sample using trowel and place it in a mixing pan
  2. Remix concrete to avoid segregation
  3. Pour in 3 equal layers
  4. 25 blows/layer using rod
  5. After each layer tap the outside of the mold lightly with 10 - 15 times with the mallet
  6. Penetrate the rod about 1” into the underlying layer
  7. After last layer been rodded, struck off with trowel and cover with glass or metal plate to prevent exaporation
90
Q

Steps in curing

A
  1. Remove from mold after 24 hours
  2. Tests specimens shall be sent to the laboratory not more than 7 days prior to the time of test
  3. While in the laboratory the specimens shall be kept at laboratory temperature until 24 to 48 hours before testing
  4. Take samples from at least 3 parts of the load
  5. Use only non-absorptive molds
    Fill mold in three equal layers, rod each layer 25 times with a spherical-nose rod
  6. Let cylinder stand undisturbed from 12 to 24 hours, with tops covered at temperatures between 60 degrees and 80 degrees F (16 - 17 degrees C)
  7. Pack cylinders carefully in saw dust and ship to laboratory for testing
91
Q

How many days for curing for CCS?

A

28 days
or
At least 21 days in site and 6 days curing in laboratory
or 27 days in site and 1 day in laboratory

92
Q

Sizes of CCS and CBS

A

6” x 12” - CCS
6” x 6” x 21” - CBS

93
Q

meaning of PCCP

A

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

94
Q

What item number is PCCP

A

item 311

95
Q

Size of sample in flexure test specimens (beams)

A

Depth = 3 x maximum nominal size of aggregate
Width = depth, or may be wider by not more than half
Length = 3 x depth + 2 inches or more

6”x 6” x 21” CBS

96
Q

How many set of cylinder samples for structural concrete for each day of concreting operations

A

3

97
Q

How many set of beam samples for paving concrete shall be obtained for each day of concreting operations

A

3

98
Q

A set shall represent __________ for each class of concrete

A

75 cu.m. or fraction thereof

99
Q

How many days for curing for CBS?

A

14 days

100
Q

Lowest moisture content at which the soil will flow upon the application of a very small shearing force. It gives a certain measure of the shearing resistance of a soil when mixed with water

A

Liquid Limit

101
Q

The minimum moisture content at which the soil can be readily molded without breaking or crumbling

A

Plastic Limit

102
Q

Sieve analysis of liquid limit and plastic limit

A

Soil passing #40 sieve

103
Q

Moisture content Determination

A

%moisture content (w) = [(weight wet - dry)/dry] x 100

104
Q

What is item 405

A

Structural Concrete

105
Q

Composition of Concrete

A

Cement
Water
Chemical Admixture
Aggregates

106
Q

Composition of Concrete by volume

A

7-14% Cement
15-20% water
66-78% Aggregate

107
Q

Requirements of Concrete

A
  • It should have the required strength
  • It should be uniform, watertight and resistant to wear, weather and other destructive materials
  • It should not shrink excessively on cooling or drying nor expand excessively on wetting
  • It should be resistant to fire, chemicals or to abrasion
108
Q

Will retain its quality indefinitely if it does not come in contact with moisture

A

Cement

109
Q

Chemical admixtures as defined by AASHTO M 194

A

Type A - Accelerating
Type B - Retarding
Type C - Water reducing
Type D - Water reducing High Range
Type E - Water reducing and Accelerating
Type F - Water reducing and Retarding
Type G - Water reducing High range & Retarding

110
Q

Constitute a large part of the concrete.

A

Aggregates

111
Q

Utmost care in selection of aggregates must be of prime concern such as:

A

1.Good quality
2. Strength
3. Durability and
4. Freedom from injurious materials

112
Q

Represent the major volume of concrete, about 70 %

A

Fine and coarse aggregates

113
Q

The important role they serve as the principal ingredient is often overlooked because their cost is much less than that of cement

A

Aggregates

114
Q

Physical properties of Concrete

A
  1. Workability
  2. Strength
  3. Durability
  4. Impermeability
115
Q

Defined as the ease in placing concrete without segregation into the final position where it is allowed to harden

A

Workability of Concrete

116
Q

Degree of workability is dependent on:

A
  1. The type of construction and the methods of handling and placing concrete
  2. Water function
  3. Grading and maximum size of aggregates
117
Q

Measuring Workability

A
  • No accurate method
  • most commonly used method is the slump test
118
Q

Capability of concrete to withstand loads

A

Strength of concrete

119
Q

Principally dependent on the “water-cement ratio”

A

Strength of Concrete

120
Q

Continues to increase with age as long as it is protected from drying

A

Strength of Concrete

121
Q

To be able to withstand deterioration due to weathering action

A

Durability of concrete

122
Q

After construction, it decrease with time due to physical, chemical, reaction and internal factors

A

Durability of concrete

123
Q

Is a function of the “water-cement ratio”

A

Durability of concrete

124
Q

Is an essential requirement of concrete exposed to the weather

A

Imperviousness

125
Q

Factors affecting production of high quality concrete

A
  1. Quality of paste
  2. Quality of aggregates
  3. Proper Handling and Placing
  4. Proper Curing
126
Q

What is item 405

A

Structural Concrete

127
Q

This item consists of a furnishing, placing and finishing concrete in all structures except pavements

A

item 405

128
Q

According to item 405, concrete shall consist of a mixture of what>

A

Portland Cement, FA, CA, Admixture (when specified) and water

129
Q

Classes of concrete use in structures

A

Class A
Class B
Class C
Class P
Class Seal

130
Q
A

Civil Engineering (2 decks)

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