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GCSE History (Normans) > Conquest and Control > Flashcards

Conquest and Control Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened at the Battle of Fulford Gate?

A

The Vikings lead by Harald Hardrada defeated the Anglo-Saxons in Northumbria lead by Earls Edwin and Morcar, taking control of Yorkshire

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2
Q

When was the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

25th September 1066

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3
Q

Which people were involved in the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Anglo-Saxons

  • Harold Godwinson

Vikings

  • Harald Hardrada
  • Tostig Godwinson
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4
Q

What tactics were used in the Battle of Stamford Bridge by each side?

A

Anglo-Saxons

  • Caught the Vikings by surprise
  • Formed a shield wall

Vikings

  • Formed a shield wall
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5
Q

What reasons were there for the Anglo-Saxon success in the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A
  • They caught the Vikings by surprise
  • Many Vikings were not wearing armour
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6
Q

Which key people were killed in the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A
  • Harald Hardrada
  • Tostig Godwinson
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7
Q

How did luck affect the Battle of Stamford Bridge?

A

Harold caught the Viking army when many did not have armour on

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8
Q

When was the Battle of Hastings?

A

14th October 1066

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9
Q

Summarise what happened in the battle of Hastings

A
  • Anglo-Saxons form a shield wall on Senlac hill
  • Norman archers fire
  • Series of Norman infantry attacks
  • One attack on the left flank lead to Anglo-Saxon soldiers pursueing them when they retreated
  • The pursuing Anglo-Saxons were killed
  • William tries to repeat this in other parts of the shield wall
  • At one point, many of his soldiers think William is dead so he takes his helmet off to show them he’s alive
  • The Anglo-Saxon houscarls in the shield wall are eventually replaced by fyrd soldiers
  • Anglo-Saxon shield wall eventually breaks
  • Harold is killed
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10
Q

Give reasons for Harold losing the Battle of Hastings

A
  • Fought in middle of battle so couldn’t control full army
  • Chose to attack earlier rather than gathering more troops
  • Most of the army were untrained Fyrd
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11
Q

Give reasons for William winning the Battle of Hastings

A
  • Had full control of his army
  • Better equipt soldiers
  • Adapted tactics during battle
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12
Q

How did luck affect the Battle of Hastings?

A

The winds changed which allowed the Normans to sail to England when Vikings were invading in the north

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13
Q

What happened to the English throne following the Battle of Hastings?

A

Edgar Æthling was made King of England

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14
Q

When was William I crowned King of England?

A

Christmas Day 1066

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15
Q

Name 3 people who rebelled against William I

A
  • Edgar Æthling
  • Earl Edwin of Mercia
  • Earl Morcar of Northumbria
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16
Q

When did Edwin & Morcar rebel?

A

1068

17
Q

When did Edgar Æthling rebel?

A

1069

18
Q

What did William I do in response to the rebellions in the north?

A

Launch the Harrying of the North

19
Q

When did the Harrying of the North take place?

A

1069-70

20
Q

How many people were killed in the Harrying of the North?

A

100,000 people

21
Q

What type of castles did Normans build?

A

Mottle and Bailey castles

22
Q

Describe a motte and Bailey castle

A

Bailey surrounded by a wooden palisade adjacent to a keep on top of a motte surrounded by a moat

23
Q

What was a bailey?

A

Where soldiers lived, also had storerooms and stables

24
Q

What was a motte?

A

Mound of earth (usually man-made) which a keep was built on top of

25
Q

Why did Normans build castles?

A
  • To show power
  • To attack
  • To defend
26
Q

How were castles made to show power?

A
  • They were built by the local peasants
  • They were painted white
  • Were built high up
27
Q

How were castles made for attack?

A
  • Built one every 20 miles
  • Places for soldiers to stay and attack from
28
Q

How were castles made for defence?

A
  • Had a motte
  • Had a moat
  • Had windows for archers to shoot out of

GCSE History (Normans) (4 decks)

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