Connective tissues

Question 1

Connective Tissue

Answer 1

Functions: bind together and support, protect, store energy, and transpo

Question 2

Characteristics of connective tissues

Answer 2

• vascular (exceptiion is cartialage)
• widely scattered cells in the matrix
• ground substance (binds cells together and detrmines charteristics of tissue)
• protein fibers
• nerve supply
• no free surface
• can regenrate

Question 3

Protein fibers include:

Answer 3

• ​Collagen Fibers (tough, flexible)
• elastic fibers (elasticity & strength)
• reticular fibers (networking fibers)

Question 4

Why is importnant that some cells have a watery matrix, while some have a hard matrix?

Answer 4

The matrix in blood is very watery and this important because blood needs to be fluid so that it can move throught out the body.

Question 5

What are the components of the matrix

Answer 5

Ground substance & protein fibers. Often the ground substance will also include hyaluronic acid.

Cells that are scattered in the matrix include (fibroblasts,macrophages,mast cells,adipocytes)

Question 6

Cells & functions of the cells scattered in the matrix?

Answer 6

• Fibroblasts (produce fibers)
• macrophages(perform phagocytosis)
• adipocytes(store fat)
• mast cells(release histamines,cause inflammation)

Question 7

Matrix =

Answer 7

ground substance + fibers

Question 8

Embryonic connective tissue:

Answer 8

mesenchyme

• typically found in cord blood,bone marrow,peripheal blood
• gives rise to most of the body’s connective tissues
• scatterd cells are mesenchymal cells
• Matrix=very fine protein filaments

Question 9

Loose connective tissues

Answer 9

The fibers are loose or scattered.

Types of loose connective tissues

• areolar connective tissue
• adipose tissue
• reticular tissue

Question 10

areolar connective tissue

Answer 10

• found under the basement membrane of epithelial tissue. Often referred to as the packing material of the body.
• loose padding and support
• scattered cells include:fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, adipocytes
• Matrix includes:hyaluronic acid, collagen, elastic, reticular fibers

Question 11

Adipose tissue

Answer 11

• subcutaneous tissue
• sorrounds organs
• found in the same locations as areolar tissue white & brown fat
• major cells are adipocytes
• matrix is the same as arolar tissue

Question 12

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 12

• found in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and liver
• major cells are reticular
• network of reticular fibers gives these organs support
• matrix is made up of network of reticular fibers w/ ground substance.

Question 13

Dense connective tissues

Answer 13

Fibers densely populate this tissue making it extremly strong.

Question 14

Charcteristics of dense regular tissues

Answer 14

• collagen fibers run parrallel
• found in tendons(muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone), aponeuroses (flat tendons)
• strength in one direction
• fibroblasts
• matrix = almost entirely collagen fibers

Question 15

Why is this type of tissue especially suited for tendons and ligaments?

Answer 15

Many of the strands are all running in the same direction, this increases the strength of stretch where the same movement is repeated.

Question 16

Dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 16

collagen fibers run in many directions

Question 17

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

Answer 17

• found in the valves of the heart, dermis of skin,periosteum,perichondrium,joint capsules
• strength in many directions
• fibroblast
• matrix = collagen fibers running in many directions

Question 18

what advantage does “irregular tissue” have at these locations ?

Answer 18

Can provided support in many directions

Question 19

elastic connective tissue

Answer 19

• elastic arteries, true vocal cords
• stretching and recoiling
• fibroblasts
• Matrix = predominantly elastic fibers

Question 20

Cartilage

Answer 20

tissue that is resistant to stress

Question 21

Characteristics of Cartilage

Answer 21

• avascualr
• no nerves
• sorrounded by perichondrium(dense irregular tissue that sorrounds cartilage)

Question 22

How does cartilage get nutriens w/ no blood supply?

Answer 22

Through the perichondrium

Question 23

Major type of cartilage H

Answer 23

Hyaline cartilage

• ​found in the nose, costal cartilage,trachea,embyonic skeleton,articular cartilage(ends of long bones)
• cushioning
• chondrocytes (allows for diffusion of nutrients) in lacunae (space that looks like abubble holding multiple chondrocytes)
• ground substance = chondroiton sulfate, glucosamine

Question 24

Major type of cartilage F

Answer 24

Fibrous Cartilage

• ​found in the menisci of the knee, inverterbral discs, symphsis pubis
• function-strength and durabilty
• chndrocytes in lacunae
• Matrix = dense collagen fibers

Question 25

elastic cartilage

Answer 25

• found in the auricle (ear), epiglottis
• flexible
• chondrocytes in the lacunae
• maxtrix = fibers for elasticity

Question 26

Osseous tissue

Answer 26

• found on shaft of long bones, outside portions of flat bones
• strength and flexibility
• osteoblasts and osteocytes in lacunae

Question 27

What is the relationship between an osteoblasts & osteocyte?

Answer 27

osteoblasts makes bone, osteocyte maintains bone