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body log > Connective Tissue (proper) > Flashcards

Connective Tissue (proper) Flashcards

1
Q

What makes connective tissue

A

Cells (mainly fibroblasts/fibrocytes, adipocytes, reticular cells. Fibres (collagens elastin). Ground substance (proteoglycans)

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2
Q

What is extracellular matrix

A

Ground substance and fibres

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3
Q

Function of connective tissue

A

Binding/supporting, protecting (bone), insulating (fat), storing reserve fuel, transport(blood), separate tissues (fascia)

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4
Q

Two types of connective tissue

A

Loose (areolar) and dense (fibrous)

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5
Q

Loose connective tissue example

A

Lamina propria beneath mucosal membrane which attaches basal lamina (least specialised)

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6
Q

Dense connective tissue types

A

Irregular (fibres different directions), regular (parallel fibres)

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7
Q

Loose connective tissue features

A

Multiple cell types(fibroblast, macrophage, WBC, adipocytes), fibres (collagenous and elastic) gel like ground substance

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8
Q

Loose connective tissue function

A

Holds everything in place(eg fluid vessels), cell migration, inflammation pathways, packaging around organs(cushion and stabilise)

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9
Q

Other examples of loose connective tissue (areolar)

A

Under epithelial layers (lamina propria), around glands, surrounding capillaries, nerves and sinusoids

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10
Q

What are fibroblasts

A

Synthesise and secrete fibres in ground substance (extracellular matrix)

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11
Q

What are fibroblasts important for

A

Wound healing, scar tissue

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12
Q

What are myofibroblasts

A

Modified fibroblasts (contain actin and myosin), muscle like(wound contraction)

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13
Q

Macrophage origin and function

A

Derived from monocytes, move around. Phagocytosis (degrade foreign organisms and debris) Antigen presenting cell for T lymphocytes

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14
Q

Mast cells features and function

A

Lots of granules in cytoplasm (histamine, heparin, cytokines). Binds allergens and empties granules from cell.

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15
Q

Where are mast cells found and not found

A

Loose connective tissue near blood vessels. Not found in CNS because damage could occur from inflammation

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16
Q

Adipocytes (unilocular) features and function

A

White adipocytes. One lipid droplet, organelles squeezed to one side of the cell. Padding, shock absorber, insulation, energy reserve.

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17
Q

Adipocytes (multilocular) features and function

A

Brown adipocytes, multiple lipid droplets, central nucleus. Very few in adult, provides insulation (neonates and young children) and energy reserve. More mitochondria

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18
Q

Brown adipose tissue and heat generation

A

Lipid breakdown accelerated (noradrenaline) oxidative phosphorylation uncoupled from ATP synthesis to generate heat

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19
Q

Fibres in connective tissue

A

Collagen - type 1,2,3(reticulin),4. Elastin

20
Q

Type 1 collagen

A

Fibrils come together to form fibres and fibre bundles (tendons, skin) MOST COMMON

21
Q

Type 2 collagen

A

Fibrils don’t form fibres (hyalin and elastin cartilage)

22
Q

Type 3 collagen (reticulin)

A

Fibrils form fibres around muscle and nerve cells. Supporting framework/sponge

23
Q

Where is reticulin not found

A

Loose connective tissue

24
Q

Type 4 collagen

A

Basement membrane

25
Q

Function of elastin fibres in loose connective tissue

A

Allow tissue to expand when swelling from breach of immune system, then recoil to original size

26
Q

Ground substance

A

Viscous, clear, slipper (high water). Proteoglycans (protein with sugar). Attract water to form gel (rapid diffusion, resists compression)

27
Q

Proteoglycans structure and function

A

Core protein covalently bound to glycoaminoglycans. Attached to hyaluronate. Sugar attracts water but makes ground substance sticky and slippery

28
Q

Irregular dense connective tissue example

A

Superficial layer of skin (fibres in different directions and dense collagen to resist tearing,) elastic fibres allow stretch and recoil

29
Q

Regular dense connective tissue example and structure

A

Tendons (collagen parallel, densely packed to withstand force from muscle). Flattened fibroblasts lie between collagen

30
Q

What is the myotendinous junction

A

Where muscle fibres joins tendons collagen, cross links allows strength

31
Q

Anatomy of tendon

A

Mostly water, very strong, forces can be transmitted along collagen bundles (can glide). Collagen is mostly type 1 and reticulin.

32
Q

Why can Achilles’ tendons snap

A

Dehydration (weekend warrior)

33
Q

Irregular dense connective tissue vs regular dense (similarities)

A

Both have fibroblasts, both have collagen 1 fibres

34
Q

Irregular dense vs regular dense (differences)

A

Irregular - collagen 1 fibres in all directions, resists stress in all directions (deep layer of skin, submucosa of intestine). Regular - collagen fibres all one direction, resists force in one direction (tendons, ligaments)

35
Q

Ligaments structure

A

Regular dense connective tissue, connect bone to bone, wrapped in loose connective tissue(fasicle)

36
Q

Fascia structure

A

Similar to ligaments and tendons (closely packed collagen bundles, wavy pattern parallel to pull direction. Flexible.

37
Q

3 types of fascia

A

Superficial, deep, visceral/parietal

38
Q

3 clinical conditions caused by problems with connective tissue

A

Scurvy (vitamin c deficiency), Marfans (mutation of fibrillin gene), Osteogenesis Imperfecta

39
Q

How is collagen produced

A

Fibroblasts lay down procollagen which is converted to collagen outside of the cell

40
Q

Vitamin C importance with collagen

A

Vitamin C is required for production of procollagen inside the cell. (Hydroxylates proline and lysine).

41
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency - poor wound healing, impaired bone formation, gum disease/tooth loss, bruising of skin and hair loss, weakness and fatigue. (Thin collagen)

42
Q

Marfans syndrome

A

Mutation in fibrillin 1 gene. Elastic tissue is abnormal. Tall, long fingers and arms, joint dislocation, aortic rupture (no recoil)

43
Q

Elastin stricture

A

Primary component of elastic fibres, surrounded by fibrillin.

44
Q

Important roles of elastic fibres

A

Dermis, artery walls, lungs, elastic cartilige (fibrillin allows STRETCH and RECOIL)

45
Q

Artery and elastin

A

Present in tunica media. Smooth muscles cells produce (NOT fibroblasts - this lays down scar tissue)

46
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Brittle bone disease, mutated collagen fibres that don’t knit together/not enough produced.Weakened bones, short, blue sclera, hearing loss, hyper mobility, poor teeth.

body log (21 decks)

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