Connective Tissue BSM Flashcards
How many types of tissue are there? Name the different types of tissues?
. 4 Types of Tissue
. Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Nervous Tissue and Muscle Tissue
Extracellular matrix facts
. Made up of proteins in the form of fibres
. Ground Substance
. Cells
What does connective tissue develop from?
. The mesenchyme -> comes from mesoderm layer of the embryo -> mesenchyme contains stem cells which can differentiate into different cells that make up connective tissue. So mesenchyme is a type of embryonic connective tissue.
Name the 3 layers in the embryo?
. Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
. These layers give rise to all the organs in the body
Connective Tissue Proper - divisions and subdivisions
. Divided as loose and dense connective tissue
. Loose CT = areolar tissue, adipose (fat) tissue and reticular tissue
. Dense CT = further subdivided into dense regular & dense irregular connective tissue
Specialised Connective Tissue
. Includes bone and carilage - these are supportive connective tissue
. Blood - the fluid connective tissue
3 fundamental components of connective tissue
. Cells, protein fibres and ground substance - (cells, gels and fibres)
Cells of Connective Tissue
. Specialised CT - like cartilage = chondrocytes, Bone = osteoblasts, osteocytes, adipocytes = adipose tissue
In general, CT = 2 groups of cells
1. Permanent Resident Cells
2. Transient Cells
Transient Cells
. Usually immune cells like macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, plasma cells, mast cells
- macrophages = phagocytic scavengers - different names depending on location; (dust cells in lungs, kupffer cells in liver & langerhan cells in skin - but these macrophages are fixed so they are actually permanent residents)
- wandering macrophages = ones that move around = tranisent cells
Brief overview of Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Plasma cells and Mast Cells
Neutrophils = involved in ACUTE INFLAMMATION
Eosinophils = allergic reactions, parasitic infections
Plasma cells = differentiated B-lymphocytes , produce antibodies
Mast cells = granulated, involved in inflammation in hypersensitivty disorders, degranulate to release inflammatory mediators
Permanent Resident Cells
. Most common cells in CT = permanent resident cells
. Depending on certain circumstances some immune cells like mast cells and macrophages can be permanent residents
. Stem cells - give rise to all the other cell types
. Fibroblast = most common cells
. Fibrocyte = second most common cell
. Fibroblast and Fibrocyte are related
Fibroblast function
. Synthesising the proteins listed below:
. Protein fibres - collagen, reticulun and elastin
. Ground substance - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG), proteoglycans, adhesive glycoproteins
Name some protein fibres and ground sunstances in CT
. Protein fibres - collagen, reticulun and elastin
. Ground substance - Glycosaminoglycans (GAG), proteoglycans, adhesive glycoproteins
. The aforementioned are all proteins and are syntheised by fibroblasts
Compare & contrast the ultrastructure of fibroblasts and fibrocytes
. Fibroblasts structure relates to function
. Because fibroblasts synthesise alot of protein
. Ultrastructure =
. RER
. Mitochondrion
. Golgi Appartus
. Fibrocytes:
- More mature cell, spindle shaped,
Name 3 of the protein fibres found in CT
. Collagen
. Reticulun
. Elastin
. Distributed in different proportions depending upon what part of the body they are in