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Histo Lectures > Connective Tissue And Cartilage > Flashcards

Connective Tissue And Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

This is the most varied and abundant tissue

A

Skeletal connective tissue

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2
Q

Connective tissue definition

A

Complex of cells and ECM that provides supporting and connecting framework for all other tissues of the body

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3
Q

ECM form internal …… of vertebrate body
ECM composition dictates ……..

A

ECM forms internal scaffold/architecture of vertebrate

ECM composition dictates mechanical properties

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4
Q

2 components of ECM scaffold

A

Fibers and ground substance

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5
Q

Components of fibers

A

Collagenous or fibrilar (30 types of collagens)
Reticular (non-fibril forming collagens)
Elastic (elastin)

Tensile strength support

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6
Q

Components of ground substance

A

Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins

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7
Q

Structural glycoproteins

A

Fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, tenascin, thrombospondin, entactin

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8
Q

Cartilage and bone are specialized …..

A

Connective tissues

They have a much larger ECM to cell ratio than other CTs

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9
Q

The ECM is secreted by

A

Chondrocytes

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10
Q

Components of individual collagen molecule

A

Type II collagen
Trimeric (3 polypeptide chains)
Rigid, rope-like
Positively charged (basic amino acids)

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11
Q

Collagen fibril composition

A

Composed of individual, quarter-staggered collagen molecules
Eosinophilic

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12
Q

Eosin is negatively charged and selectively binds to ……

A

Positively charged collagen molecules

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13
Q

What is the Supramolecular aggregate of sulfated proteoglycans

A

Ground substance of the cartilage ECM

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14
Q

3 GAGs in the ground substance of ECM

A

Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid backbone

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15
Q

Describe GAGs charge and its effect

A

GAGs are negatively charged due to the sulfate group and repeal each other, so they are spread out throughout the substance of the ECM

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16
Q

What does the negative charge of GAGs do as far as staining and hydration

A

GAGs are hydrophilic, basophilic, ANS metachromatic

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17
Q

Explain metachromatic GAGs

A

Because of the negative charge of GAGs, when stained, the collagen changes the color of the stain

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18
Q

Function of type 2 collagen in cartilage ECM

A

Provides rigid structural support and tensile strength

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19
Q

Function of PG and GAG aggregates in cartilage ECM

A

Hydration

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20
Q

Hydrated sponge concept

A

Cartilage can withstand great compressive forces due to stabilizing collagen matrix and ability of PG aggregates to release water and allow the matrix to compress/expand

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21
Q

When cartilage is compressed, PG/GAGs are

A

Stressed because they are closer together

22
Q

Molecular sieve concept

A

Nutrient and gas exchange occurs via ECM and perichondrial blood vessels and ECM selectively sequesters various molecules

23
Q

Is hyaline cartilage mineralized

24
Q

4 steps of chondrogenesis

A

Mesenchymal condensation
Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
isogenic groups

25
Q

Mesenchymal condensation

A

First step of chondrogenesis
Central cells become chondroblasts
Peripheral cells become two-layered perichondrium

26
Q

Chondroblasts in chondrogenesis

A

Divide and secrete ECM
Distance between neighboring cells increase

27
Q

Chondrocytes in chondrogenesis

A

Cells surrounded entirely by ECM

28
Q

Isogenic groups in chondrogenesis

A

As cells divide, daughter cells remain in close proximity, forming chondrocyte clusters

29
Q

Space/nest occupied by chondrocytes

30
Q

Mesenchyme definition

A

Undifferentiated cells that eventually make up connective tissue

31
Q

The inner perichondrial layer is made of

A

Mesenchymal cells

32
Q

This matrix is eosinophilic

A

Interterritorial matrix

33
Q

2 mechanisms of cartilage growth

A

Apositional and interstitial

34
Q

Apositional cartilage growth

A

Involves differentiation of chondroprogenitors (mesenchyme) and Chondroblasts on the inner surface of the perichondrium into chondrocytes

35
Q

Interstitial cartilage growth

A

Involves division of pre-existing chondrocytes within a cartilage matrix, giving rise to Isogenous groups

36
Q

3 cartilage types

A

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

37
Q

Hyaline cartilage: functions

A

Function: structural support, rapid growth, ability to withstand compression; serves as a temporary skeleton during embryogenesis

38
Q

What cartilage is in fetal skeletons

A

Hyaline cartilage

39
Q

What type of cartilage is found in adults in respiratory passages like the laryngeal, trachea and bronchial cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage

40
Q

What type of cartilage is found in adults in the cushioning of joints such as articular and costal cartilages

A

Hyaline cartilage

41
Q

What type of collagen is hyaline cartilage

42
Q

What is elastic cartilage composed of

A

Type two collagen and elastin

43
Q

Functions of elastic cartilage

A

Flexible support, ability to withstand deformation

44
Q

Locations of elastic cartilage

A

External ear, auditory tubes, epiglottis, larynx cartilages

45
Q

What is fibrocartilage composed of

A

Type 1 and type 2 collagen

HYBRID

46
Q

Functions of fibrocartilage

A

Attachment to bone, restricted mobility under great mechanical stress

47
Q

Locations of fibrocartilage

A

Annulus fibrosus of intervertebral disk, pubic symphysis, bone-ligament junctions

48
Q

Fibrocartilage is always found in conjunction with

A

Dense connective tissue

49
Q

Hyaline cartilage serves as a temporary skeleton during embryogenesis and then is gradually replaces by trabecular bone and marrow in what process?

A

Endochondral ossification

50
Q

Endochondral ossification defines all skeletal elements where …… will occur

A

Hematopoiesis

Histo Lectures (2 decks)

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