Connective Tissue Flashcards
What are the functions of connective tissues?
- structure
- protection
- support
- energy
- transport
- defense
Describe type 1 collage fibers
aligned and crosslinked to increase strength
What is pictured? Describe the tissue
Type 1 collagen: you can tell that they are crosslinked
increase tensile strength
Differentiate between Scurvy and Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Scurvy is a vitamin C deficiency; vitamin C is a co-factor in the linking of the collagen fibers
Ehlers Danlos syndrome is abnormal collagen synthesis which leads to weakened fibers
List and describe the amorphous ground substance
Proteoglycans: chondroitin sulfates, heparan sulfates, keratan sulfates
Hyaluronan
Glycoproteins: cytokines, growth factors, structural proteins
extracellular proenzymes
Describe the various cell to cell interactions
- integrins
- Syndecans
- Selectins
- Groth factor receptors
- cytokine receptors
- integrins: bind specific ECM components and initiate intracellular signaling
- Syndecans: coreceptors with hearain sulfates
- Selectins: recognize the sugars on the ECM
- Growth factor receptors
- cytokine receptors
+++all are important in cell signaling
Describe embryonic connective tissue
Rich in ECM and multipotent stem cells
some collagen or reticular fibers
“Warton’s jelly” in the umbilical cord
List and describe the 3 types of loose connective tissue
- Areolar
- Adipose
- Reticular
- Areolar: low density tissue with fixed and wandering cells: widespread
- Adipose: fat cells
- Reticular: reticular fibers; form an open framework to create supportive mesh for holding free cells
Describe the 3 types of dense connective tissues
- dense irregular
- dense regular
- elastic connective tissue
- deposited in a random pattern: dermis
- regulary pattern; good for fibers that need a lot of strength; tendons
- Elastic CT: elastic fibers
What are the fixed and wandering cells that are present within loose areolar CT?
Fixed: fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells
Wandering: macrophages, mast vells, leukocytes, plasma cells
Describe loose connective tissue
support and bind other tissues; defends against infection
immediately beneath epithelia (lamina propia)
What kind of tissue is pictured?
Loose areolar tissue
Describe everything that is happening in the picture
There are cells that are surrounded with simple columnar epithelia
The white areas that are in between the cells are digestive epithelia
These types of cells are commonly found in the GI tract
Describe adipose tissue in detail
sparce ECM and the nuclei are on the sides because they are pushed out of the way
energy source and heat
protects organs
surround the kidneys, eyes, boobs and butt like crazy
What is pictured? Dont be dumb.
ADIPOSE
Differentiate betwen white fat and brown fat
White fat is found in energy storage and used in cushioning
Brown fat is thermogenic and found mostly in kiddos
Describe reticular connective tissue
High in reticular fibers and found in organs with high blood concentrations; liver, spleen, lymph nodes
Describe dense irregular connective tissue
Tightly packed parallel collagen fibers
found in the skin, surrounding the organs, fascia, and perichondrium
Describe dense regular CT
tightly packed regularly arranged collagen fibers; fibroblasts are the central cells
Resist pulling forces and poorly vascularized
Found in tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis, and dense fascia
Describe elastic CT
high proportion of elastic fibers; recoil following stretching
Found in blood vessel walls, bronchiles, and special ligaments
Describe Marfans syndrome
Autosomal dominant disorder that is a mutation in the fibrillin-I gene, which is a component of elastin fibers
targets ocular skeletal, and CV—life threatening
What is the function of a fibroblast?
produce collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins in the ECM
What is pictured?
Brown fat
What is pictured? What stain is used?
Reticular CT
silver staining
What is pictured?
Dense irreglar CT
What is pictured?
Dense regular CT
What is pictured?
Elastic tissue
What is pictured?
fibroblasts
