Connective Tissue

Question 1

What are the functions of connective tissues?

Answer 1

• structure
• protection
• support
• energy
• transport
• defense

Question 2

Describe type 1 collage fibers

Answer 2

aligned and crosslinked to increase strength

Question 3

What is pictured? Describe the tissue

Answer 3

Type 1 collagen: you can tell that they are crosslinked

increase tensile strength

Question 4

Differentiate between Scurvy and Ehlers Danlos syndrome

Answer 4

Scurvy is a vitamin C deficiency; vitamin C is a co-factor in the linking of the collagen fibers

Ehlers Danlos syndrome is abnormal collagen synthesis which leads to weakened fibers

Question 5

List and describe the amorphous ground substance

Answer 5

Proteoglycans: chondroitin sulfates, heparan sulfates, keratan sulfates

Hyaluronan

Glycoproteins: cytokines, growth factors, structural proteins

extracellular proenzymes

Question 6

Describe the various cell to cell interactions

1. integrins
2. Syndecans
3. Selectins
4. Groth factor receptors
5. cytokine receptors

Answer 6

1. integrins: bind specific ECM components and initiate intracellular signaling
2. Syndecans: coreceptors with hearain sulfates
3. Selectins: recognize the sugars on the ECM
4. Growth factor receptors
5. cytokine receptors

+++all are important in cell signaling

Question 7

Describe embryonic connective tissue

Answer 7

Rich in ECM and multipotent stem cells

some collagen or reticular fibers

“Warton’s jelly” in the umbilical cord

Question 8

List and describe the 3 types of loose connective tissue

1. Areolar
2. Adipose
3. Reticular

Answer 8

1. Areolar: low density tissue with fixed and wandering cells: widespread
2. Adipose: fat cells
3. Reticular: reticular fibers; form an open framework to create supportive mesh for holding free cells

Question 9

Describe the 3 types of dense connective tissues

1. dense irregular
2. dense regular
3. elastic connective tissue

Answer 9

1. deposited in a random pattern: dermis
2. regulary pattern; good for fibers that need a lot of strength; tendons
3. Elastic CT: elastic fibers

Question 10

What are the fixed and wandering cells that are present within loose areolar CT?

Answer 10

Fixed: fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells

Wandering: macrophages, mast vells, leukocytes, plasma cells

Question 11

Describe loose connective tissue

Answer 11

support and bind other tissues; defends against infection

immediately beneath epithelia (lamina propia)

Question 12

What kind of tissue is pictured?

Answer 12

Loose areolar tissue

Question 13

Describe everything that is happening in the picture

Answer 13

There are cells that are surrounded with simple columnar epithelia

The white areas that are in between the cells are digestive epithelia

These types of cells are commonly found in the GI tract

Question 14

Describe adipose tissue in detail

Answer 14

sparce ECM and the nuclei are on the sides because they are pushed out of the way

energy source and heat

protects organs

surround the kidneys, eyes, boobs and butt like crazy

Question 15

What is pictured? Dont be dumb.

Answer 15

ADIPOSE

Question 16

Differentiate betwen white fat and brown fat

Answer 16

White fat is found in energy storage and used in cushioning

Brown fat is thermogenic and found mostly in kiddos

Question 17

Describe reticular connective tissue

Answer 17

High in reticular fibers and found in organs with high blood concentrations; liver, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 18

Describe dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 18

Tightly packed parallel collagen fibers

found in the skin, surrounding the organs, fascia, and perichondrium

Question 19

Describe dense regular CT

Answer 19

tightly packed regularly arranged collagen fibers; fibroblasts are the central cells

Resist pulling forces and poorly vascularized

Found in tendons, ligaments, aponeurosis, and dense fascia

Question 20

Describe elastic CT

Answer 20

high proportion of elastic fibers; recoil following stretching

Found in blood vessel walls, bronchiles, and special ligaments

Question 21

Describe Marfans syndrome

Answer 21

Autosomal dominant disorder that is a mutation in the fibrillin-I gene, which is a component of elastin fibers

targets ocular skeletal, and CV—life threatening

Question 22

What is the function of a fibroblast?

Answer 22

produce collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins in the ECM

Question 23

What is pictured?

Answer 23

Brown fat

Question 24

What is pictured? What stain is used?

Answer 24

Reticular CT

silver staining

Question 25

What is pictured?

Answer 25

Dense irreglar CT

Question 26

What is pictured?

Answer 26

Dense regular CT

Question 27

What is pictured?

Answer 27

Elastic tissue

Question 28

What is pictured?

Answer 28

fibroblasts