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BIOSCI 107 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue Equations

A 
CT = Cells + ECM
ECM = GS + Fibres
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2
Q

ECM Function

A

Determines properties of CT types
Binds/Supports/Strengthens other tissues
Transport
Energy Storage

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3
Q

Ground Substance Components

A

Water
Proteins
Polysaccharides

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4
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome

A

Mutation in Chromosome 15 alters coding for Fibrillin

  • alters structural scaffolding for Elastin, leading to weakened heart valves, arterial walls and irregular BP
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFb) unable to be inactivated by binding to Fibrillin, resulting in hypergrowth such as elongated limbs/digits, chest deformity
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5
Q

Cells in Solid CT

A 
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes
Macrophages
Plasma
Mast
Leukocytes
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6
Q

Fibroblast Function

A

Secrete ECM components (GS and fibres)
Migratory
Widely Distributed

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7
Q

Adipocyte Function

A

Fat (Triglyceride) storage (central triglyceride droplet)

‘Cushioning’ under skin/around organs

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8
Q

Macrophage Function/Characteristics

A

Phagocytic
Fixed Location: “dust cells” in lungs, “kupffer cells” in liver, “langerhans cells” in skin
Wandering Location: sites of inflammation/infection/injury

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9
Q

Plasma Cell Function/Location

A

Antibody production

Gut; Lung; Salivary Glands; Lymph Nodes; Spleen; Red Bone Marrow

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10
Q

Mast Cell Function/Location

A

Histamine Production
Swelling/Inflammation Response
Alongside Blood Vessels in CT

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11
Q

Function/types of Leukocytes (in blood)

A

Immune Response
Granular: Easinophils; Basophils/Mast cells; Neutrophils
Agranular: Monocytes; T-/B-Lymphocytes

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12
Q 
Hyaline Cartilage: 
Structure
Function
Characteristics
Location
A
  • Resistance gel with subtle fibres present; Prominent chondrocytes in lacunae surrounded by perichondrium
  • Flexibility/Movement
  • Weakest cartilage
  • Anterior end of ribs (between ribs/sternum); respiratory cartilage (nose/trachea/bronchi); Nasal septum; ends of long bones
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13
Q 
Elastic Cartilage:
Structure
Function
Characteristics
Location
A
  • Chondrocytes in thread-like network of elastic fibres; perichondrium (‘fibrous’) surround chondrocyte surface (provide blood supply)
  • Strength/Elasticity; maintains shape of certain structures
  • Epiglottis; Auricle (external ear); Eustachian (auditory tubes)
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14
Q 
Fibrocartilage:
Structure
Function
Characteristics
Location
A
  • Chondrocytes scattered in visibly thick collagen fibre bundles; has lacunae but no perichondrium
  • Strength/Rigidity; Support; Joining structures
  • Strongest cartilage
  • Pubic Symphysis (anterior hip-bone joint); Intervertebral discs; menisci (cartilage pads) of knee; parts of tendons that insert into (hyaline) cartilage
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15
Q

Perichondrium

A

Coating of dense irregular CT around chondrocytes

Provides blood to avascular cartilage

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16
Q

Cartilage: General Structure/Characteristics

A

Dense Collagen/Elastic fibre network

Mature Supporting CT

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17
Q

CT Classifications

A
  • Embryonic: Mesenchyme; Mucous
  • Mature:
    Proper CT (Loose - Areolar/Adipose/Reticular; Dense - Regular/Irregular/Elastic)
    Fluid CT (Blood; Lymph)
    Supporting CT (Cartilage/Bone)
18
Q

Mesenchyme CT Structure/Function

A

Very few mesenchymal cells; semi-fluid GS; reticular fibres
Embryonic
Gives rise to all other CT

19
Q

Mucous CT Structure/Function

A

Widely scattered fibroblasts; jelly-like GS
Embryonic
Supports foetal umbilical cord

20
Q

Areolar Tissue Structure/Location/Function

A

Cartilage/Elastin/Reticular Fibres present
Widely distributed around almost every structure (i.e. subcutaneous layer)
Strength/Elasticity/Support

21
Q

Adipose Tissue Structure/Location/Function

A

Dominated by Adipocytes; includes fibroblasts
Found with Areolar Tissue
White - energy storage; Brown - heat production (very important in newborns)
Insulation/Thermoregulation/Heat Production

22
Q

Reticular Tissue Structure/Location/Function

A

Interlacing network of reticular fibres and reticular cells (from mesenchymal cells)
Stroma (support framework) of organs; binds SmM tissue cells (___mysium); filters/removes worn-out blood cells in spleen/microbes in lymph nodes

23
Q

Collagen Fibres

A

Secreted by fibroblast cells in ECM; Parallel, thick bundles of collagen
Strong but inflexible; most abundant in body
Resist pulling forces
Bone; Cartilages; Tendons/Ligaments

24
Q

Reticular Fibres

A

Secreted by fibroblasts in ECM; thinner collagen fibres with glycoprotein coat bundled together; branch throughout tissue
Structure; Support

25
Q

Elastic Fibres

A

Thinner, fibrous network; Protein elastin surrounded by glycoprotein fibrillin
Strength; Stability; Stretching Capacity 150%
Skin; Blood Vessels; Lungs; Sites of increased movement/abrasion

26
Q

Perichondrium

A

Coating of dense irregular connective tissue; source of new chondrocytes; contains blood vessels/nerves

27
Q

Dense Regular CT

A

Collagen with fibroblasts arranged along rows; Shiny white colour; some avascular
Slow-healing
Attachments (Tendons, Ligaments, Aponeuroses)

28
Q

Dense Irregular CT

A

Collagen with few fibroblasts
Often arranged in ‘sheets’
Tensile (multi-directional) strength
Found in fasciae (tissue under skin/around muscles/other organs); reticular dermis; fibrous pericardium; periosteum; perichondrium; joint capsules (synovial); membrane capsules of kidneys/liver/testes/lymph nodes; heart valves

29
Q

Elastic CT

A 
Predominantly Elastic fibres with fibroblasts; yellowish when unstained
Strength/recoil
Lung tissue (exhalation); elastic artery walls (blood flow); trachea; bronchial tubes; true vocal cords; suspensory ligaments of penis; ligaments between vertebrae
30
Q

Blood Structure/Function

A 
Yellow plasma (contains lipids); 'formed elements':
- RBC
- WBC
- Platelets
Nutrient/hormonal/gas exchange/transport
31
Q

Stapedius

A 
Smallest muscle (1.25mm)
Performs tympanic reflex; prevents hyperacusis
32
Q

Sartorius

A

Longest muscle (around 60cm); hip flexor/abductor/lateral rotator; knee flexor; ‘checking for gum’

33
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Paralysis in facial nerve causes muscular weakness on one side of face; tympanic reflex is weakened; causes hyperacusis

34
Q

Epimysium

A

Surrounds anatomical muscle

35
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds fascicles (bundles of myocytes)

36
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds muscle fibres; capillary/nerve supply around cell

37
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of myocyte; surrounds sarcoplasm

38
Q

Myofibrils

A

Contractile threads within myocytes:

  • actin
  • myosin
39
Q

Sarcomere

A

Contractile unit of skeletal/cardiac muscle cells

40
Q

Z-line

A

Links filaments of adjacent sarcomeres; passes through center of I band; actinins

41
Q

Titin

A

Links z-discs and M-line; creates resting tension in I-band; acts as ‘molecular spring’

BIOSCI 107 (1 decks)

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