Connective Tissue

Question 1

T/F

CT is seperated from the outside environment by epithelium

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

CT cells are seperated from each other by

Answer 2

Extracellular matrix

Question 3

What is a gel-like substance with embedded protein fibers that carries O2, and CO2, nutrients, and waste

Answer 3

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

-ECM IS MINERALIZED IN BONE

Question 4

How is connective tissue classified

Answer 4

Embryonic CT

Adult CT

Special CT

Question 5

How can Adult CT be classified

Answer 5

Fibrous CT

1. Loose (areolar)
2. Dense Regular
3. Denser Irregular

Question 6

What are the functions of CT

Answer 6

1. Structural framework of the body
2. Protection (dermis/bones)
3. Supports and connects other tissues
4. Energy storage (adipose)
5. Transports fluids, cells, chemicals
6. Defense against invasion by microorganisms

(D - P E S TS )

Question 7

Fibroblasts

Answer 7

Produce collagen, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins

Question 8

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 8

Connective tissue stem cells

Question 9

Adipocytes

Answer 9

Store and release fats

Question 10

Chondrocytes

Answer 10

Produce and maintain cartilage components

Question 11

Osteoblasts

Answer 11

Produce bone components

Question 12

Hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 12

Produce red blood cells and immune cells

Question 13

What are the fibrous components of ECM of CT

Answer 13

1. Collagen (type 1 ; resists tension)
2. Elastin (stretchable)
3. Reticular fibers (forms supportive mesh work)
   * also has a lot of water

Question 14

______ are aligned and crosslinked to increase tensile strength in CT ECM

Answer 14

Type 1 collagen fibrils

*collagen fibril shows banding in microgrpahs

Question 15

What is the disease is associated with vitamin C deficiency, which affects crosslinking of collagen fibers and weakens CT

Answer 15

Scurvy

Question 16

what diseases is abnormal collagen synthesis leading to weak collagen fibers and stretchy skin

Answer 16

Ehlers-Danilo’s syndrome

Question 17

Autosomal dominant disorder where elastin is weak from mutated fibrilin-1 gene ? What is the primary target of this disorder ?

Answer 17

Marfan’s syndrome

• ocular
• skeletal
• cardiovascular system (*can be life threading with aneurysms and mitral prolapse)

**pts tend to be tall with long limbs from skeletal defect

*incidence 2-3/10,0000 (.03%)

Question 18

ECM amorphous ground substance of CT

Answer 18

1. Proteoglycans
2. Hyaluronan
3. Glycoproteins
4. Extracellular proenzymes

Question 19

Chondroitin sulfates
Heparin sulfates
Keratan sulfates
Are examples of

Answer 19

Proteoglycans

Question 20

Cytokines
Growth factors
Structural proteins (fibronectin, laminins, etc)
Are examples of

Answer 20

Glycoproteins

Question 21

Rich in ECM, mesenchymal stem cells, little collagen fibers, little reticular fibers

Answer 21

Embryonic connective tissue

*in umbilical cord called “Walton’s jelly”

Question 22

What is a self-renewing cell population serving as a source for production of differentiated cells throughout life

Answer 22

Stem cells

Question 23

_____ are multipotent stem cells that differentiate into a variety of cell types including fibroblasts, muscles cells, osteoblasts,……

Answer 23

Adults mensenchymal stem cells

Question 24

What are the classes of CT

Answer 24

1. CT proper (fibrous)
   - loose or dense
   - binding tissue
   - resists tension
2. Cartilage
   - hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
   - resist compression (bc water)
   - cushions and supports body
3. Bone tissue
   - compact or trabecular
   - collagen only
   - resists compression/tension
   - support
4. Blood
   - no fibers
   - carries nutrients

Question 25

Areolar CT

Answer 25

*fibrous loose CT - low density tissue with both fixed and wandering cells - widespread *boobs (ppl) wander around cause they dumb and seem to be everywhere

Question 26

What type of classification is adipoccytes

Answer 26

Loose fibrous

Question 27

Reticular

Answer 27

- loose fibrous CT | - forms framework for supportive mesh for holding cells

Question 28

What is the difference between dense regular and irregular CT

Answer 28

Regular - fibers are deposited in a highly regular pattern - ex: tendons Irregular - fibers deposited in a random pattern - ex: dermis of skin

Question 29

What type of classification is elastin

Answer 29

Dense fibrous CT

Question 30

What are the type cell types in Areolar CT

Answer 30

1. Fixed cells - fibroblasts - adipocytes - mesenchymal 2. Wandering cells - macrophages - mast cells - plasma cells

Question 31

Which CT type functions to support and bind other tissues and holds body fluid, and defends against infection? Also found beneath membranous epithelial (lamina propria) and around BV’s, muscles, and nerves

Answer 31

Loose connective tissue

Question 32

White fat vs brown fat

Answer 32

White- energy storage, insulation, cushion, vital organs, hormone secretion Brown- thermogenic tissue, in newborns,

Question 33

Where is reticular CT found

Answer 33

Liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen - framework houses blood cells and immune cells outside the blood and lymph vessels * FIBROUS

Question 34

What are the principle cell type of dense irregular CT ? Where else it found

Answer 34

Fibroblasts (also for dense regular) - dermis - surround internal organs - pericondrium/periosteum - fascia

Question 35

Where is dense regular CT found

Answer 35

*poorly vascularize - tendon - ligament - dense fascia - aponeuroses

Question 36

Where is elastic Ct found

Answer 36

BV walls Bronchioles tubules Special ligaments (ligamentum Nuchae)

Question 37

What functions to produce collagen, elastin, reticular fibers, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, in the ECM

Answer 37

Fibroblasts | CELLS IN THE ECM

Question 38

What functions to phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria, damaged sick cells, remove debris, and antigen processing presentation

Answer 38

Macrophages | Differientiated from blood monocytes

Question 39

What secretes chemical such as histamine that mediate the allergic response and also heparin for an anti-coagulation

Answer 39

Mast cell

Question 40

What functions to produce antibodies that mediate immunity

Answer 40

Plasma cells | Differentiated B-lymphocytes