Connective Tissue Flashcards
stroma
connective tissue that surrounds tissue component of organ
parenchyma
functioning part of organ
functions of connective tissue
- mechanical support and protection of soft tissue
- physiological support (molecular exchange)
a. forms a pathway for blood vessels and nerves
b. fluids of connective tissues act as a medium of exchange for metabolites between tissues and blood vessels - storage of energy in the form of fat
- defense against infection
- repair of injuries
- maintain boundaries
- cell adhesion and movement
components
fibres, ground substance, cells
ground substance
aqueous, tends to be removed
collagen properties
round and squiggly; inelastic; tensile strength; storage of strain energy; abundant
elastic
thin; when pulled taut, have sharp angles; can also be squiggly
collagen structure
molecule - glycine, proline, hydroxyproline triple helix
fibril - bundle of triple helices
fiber - bundles of fibrils
tissue - tendon, bundles of fibers
types of collagen (and class)
type 1 - fibrils, bones, tendons
type 2 - cartilage
type 3 - reticular fibers
type 4 - nonfibrillar (basement membrane)
elastic fibers properties
- strech
- flexibility
- branched
- fenestrated sheets
ground substance component
- glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
- proteoglycans
ground substance function
- molecular highway/parking lot
- molecular exchange
- hydrating molecles
- more = looser
- nutrient delivery
- cell movement (plasma, mast cells)
cells found in connective tissue
- fibroblasts
- macrophages
- plasma cells
- mast cells
- leukocytes
- adipocytes
fibroblast function
synthesize matrix
wound healing
fibroblast property
dense nuclei in connective tissue
large nucleus = active
fibrocyte
thin dense nucleus
macrophage
called monocyte in blood
v good at endocytosis (particle and dye)
mast cell
primary immune response
histamine
large cells - red/purple granules
plasma cell
b-lymphocyte in blood make antibodies (sometimes see golgi bc they're working so hard) large nucleus (clock face) --> heterochromatin
leukocytes
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- lymphocyte
adipocyte types
unilocular, multilocular
unilocular
dynamic energy storage
white fat
multilocular
brown fat - for hibernation - in bears and such
hella mitochondria
classifications of connective tissue
connective tissue proper, specialised connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue
types of connective tissue proper
loose (areolar, mucous)
dense - regular (tendon, IEL) or irregular (everywhere)
types of specialised connective tissue
identification (classification):
reticular (loose), adipose (loose), elastic, hematopoietic, blood
what are the supporting connective tissues?
cartilage
bone
loose connective tissue
more nuclei than fibres
pale, pinkish colour
areolar connective tissue
loose connective tissue
abundant but hard to see - fibres easily visible when ground substance removed
diverse cell population: fibroblasts, lymphocytes, leukocytes
mucous connective tissue
loose spare cells (no leukocytes) more ground substance than fibres fibroblasts collagen, no elastin umbilical cord
reticular connective tissue - what type collagen? what class of connective tissue? characterise it. where is it found?
reticular fibres type 3 collagen specialised connective tissue loose connective tissue found in soft cellular tissues (lung/liver/lymphoid)
adipose connective tissue
each cell has single fat vacuole
white fat
energy storage
multilocular
each cell has many fat vacuoles
shivering
generate heat
dense irregular connective tissue
more fibres than ground substance more fibres than nuclei mostly collagen disorganized appearance, no pattern few cells - most are fibroblasts dermis of skin under most epi resists stress in multiple directions
dense regular connective tissue
more fibres than ground substance (nuclei)
mostly collagen + elastin
organization repetitiveness
few cells - fibrocytes
tendons, ligaments
resists stress in 1 direction (fibres are oriented)
what are the cells in cartilage? what do they rest in?
chondrocytes; lacunae
what are the two matrices of cartilage? what relative colours do they each stain?
territorial - darker
interstitial - lighter
ground substance
no blood vessels or nerves
passive diffusion of nutrients limits size
fibers associated
collagen
elastin
hyaline cartilage
supportive, protective, growth - precursor of bone
spare cells
isogeneous groups are obvious
dense irregular connective tissue
characterize hyaline cartilage
dense irregular connective tissue
identify a type of hyaline cartilage
perichondrium
elastic cartilage
supportive
cells closely packed
isogeneous groups NOT obvious
dense irregular connective tissue
characterize elastic cartilage
dense irregular connective tissue
identify a type of elastic cartilage
perichondrium
perichondrium
consisting of elastic cartilage and hyaline
fibrocartilage
protective sparse cells isogeneous groups in ROWS red nuclei dense arrow of collagen fibers ALWAYS blue stain w red nuclei
connective tissue diseases
sarcoma Ehler's-Danlos Stickler's syndrome Marfans scurvy
sarcoma
occurs in people w AIDS, but rare otherwise
Ehler’s-Danlos
collagen mutation
stickler’s syndrome
causes cleft palate mutation
marfan’s
mutations in fibrillin
scurvy
issue w collagen formation bc of no vitamin C in the body
bleed to death
