Connective Tissue

Question 1

What are the 6 types of Connective tissue?

Answer 1

• Loose
• Dense Regular
• Dense Irregular
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood

Question 2

What are the two types of Loose connective tissue, and what are there properties?

Answer 2

• Areolar for packing which cushions and protects the body organs and hold them together
• Adipose which is a fat tissue forming the subcutaneous layer.
  Aka hypodermis or superficial fascia

Both examples contain more cells and fewer fibres and are therefore softer than the other connective tissues

Question 3

What is the composition of connective tissues?

Answer 3

• Extracellular matrix (collagen, elastin water& proteoglycans/ground substance)
• Cellular components (fibroblasts and Chondrocytes)

Question 4

A tough substance that gives tissue strength and stiffness to resist mechanical force and deformation

Answer 4

Collagen

Question 5

Gives springlike properties to a tissue, enabling it to recover form deformation

Answer 5

Elastin

Question 6

Water-binding proteins that provide spacing and lubrication between collagen and elastin fibres increasing the tissues ability to change shape

Answer 6

Proteoglycans

Question 7

In which connective tissue are collagen fibres predominant to create a white flexible tissue with great resistance to pulling forces?

Answer 7

Dense regular connective-tissue

Question 8

Which connective-tissue has the same structural elements as regular connective-tissue but with bundles of collagen fibres which I think are interwoven and arranged regularly?

Answer 8

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 9

Which connective-tissue is tough, flexible, avascular, filled with a silicon like substance called chondroitin sulphate and has qualities intermediate between dense connective tissue and bone,?

Answer 9

Cartilage

Question 10

In which connective-tissue do you self sit in cavity is called lacunae, surrounded by sick to layers of a very hard matrix containing calcium and mineral salts and large amounts of collagen fibres?

Answer 10

Bone

Question 11

In which connective-tissue is ground substance replaced by a circular hard matrix containing calcium and mineral salts along with collagen fibres?

Answer 11

Bone

Question 12

Why is blood is considered a connective-tissue?

Answer 12

Because it consists of blood cells surrounded by a non-living fluid matrix called blood plasma. The fibres of blood are soluble protein molecules that become visible only during blood clotting.

Question 13

List the three main types of cartilage.

Answer 13

Hyaline.

White fibrocartilage.

Yellow fibrocartilage.

Question 14

List for pieces of information about highline cartilage.

Answer 14

It forms a temporary foundation from which bones develop

It forms the articular cartilage of synovial joint’s

Forms the xiphoidal process of the sternum and the costal cartilages

Also found in the larynx and the supporting rings of the trachea and bronchi.

Question 15

List four facts about white fibrocartilage

Answer 15

Contains White fibrous tissue and has more elasticity and tensile strength than hyaline.

Find as sesamoid cartilages in a few tendons.

Forms articular discs in the wrist and clavicle joints.

Forms the labrum or rim in the shoulder and hip joints deepening the sockets.

Forms the menisci in the knee joints.

Forms the intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies.

Forms the cartilage plate, which joins the pelvis anteriorly at the pubic symphysis.

Question 16

List to facts about yellow fibrocartilage.

Answer 16

Contains yellow elastic fibres.

Found in the external ear, middle ear and epiglottis.

Question 17

Which type of bone is made up of a collection of haversian systems or osteons?

Answer 17

Compact bone

Question 18

What is a lamellae?

Answer 18

A group of hollow tubes of bone placed one inside the next.

Question 19

What is a lacunae?

Answer 19

Spaces in between lamellae that contain lymph and osteocytes

Question 20

What is a canaliculi?

Answer 20

Hair like canals, which link the lacunae to the lymph vessel in the Haversian canals

Question 21

What is a perforating or Volkmanns canal?

Answer 21

Canals which run at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the blood vessels and nerve supply within the bone to the periosteum.

Question 22

Which connective-tissue is composed of small needle like trabeculae containing irregularly arranged lamellae and osteocytes, interconnected by canaliculi?

Answer 22

Cancellous or spongy bone

Question 23

Does spongy bone have haversian systems?

Answer 23

No, but it does have lots of open spaces, giving spongy bone an honeycombed appearance. These spaces are filled with red or yellow marrow and blood vessels.

Question 24

Where is spongy bone found?

Answer 24

In the epiphysis of long bones and vertebral bodies.

Question 25

What type of bone is mainly affected in bone density conditions such as osteoporosis?

Answer 25

Spongy or cancellous bone.

Question 26

List the three types of bone according to shape.

Answer 26

Irregular bones Flat bones Short bones Long bones

Question 27

Which type of bone is described by being mostly made up of spongy bone surrounded by thin layers of compact bone, with complicated shapes?

Answer 27

Irregular bones

Question 28

Which type of bones can be described by being composed of a layer of spongy bone sandwich between two thin layers of compact bone?

Answer 28

Flat bones

Question 29

Which types of bones can be described as being generally cube shaped, and consisting mostly of spongy bone?

Answer 29

Short bones.

Question 30

What type of bone is formed and in bedded within a tendon?

Answer 30

Sesamoid bones.

Question 31

Which type of bone can be described as having a shaft with heads at both ends and consisting mainly of compact bone?

Answer 31

Long bones

Question 32

Give an example of a long bone?

Answer 32

Femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius.

Question 33

Give an example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 33

Patella or pisiform

Question 34

Give an example of a flat bone

Answer 34

Skull, ribs, sternum.

Question 35

Give an example of an irregular bone.

Answer 35

Skull, vertebrae, pelvic.

Question 36

List the components of a long bone

Answer 36

``` Diaphysis Epiphysis Epiphyseal line Articular cartilage Periosteum Medullary cavity Red marrow ```

Question 37

What is 'diaphysis'?

Answer 37

The shaft of a long bone, containing a marrow filled cavity surrounded by compact bone. Formed from one or two primary sites of ossification.

Question 38

What is a epiphysis?

Answer 38

The end of a long bone, formed from secondary ossification sites. Consists mainly of spongy bone.

Question 39

What is articular cartilage?

Answer 39

This is located where 2 bones meet within a synovial joint. It contains no blood supply and is smooth and malleable. Movement permits the absorption of synovial fluid, oxygen and nutrition.

Question 40

What is the epiphyseal line?

Answer 40

This is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate seen in the young, growing bone. By the end of puberty, long bone growth stops and this plate is completely replaced by bone, leaving just the line behind.

Question 41

What is the periosteum?

Answer 41

A fibrous connective tissue you double layered membrane, which covers the artist surface of the bone. It is vascular and highly sensitive. The outer layer is made of dense regular connective-tissue where is the inner layer mostly comprises of bone forming osteoblasts and then destroying osteoclasts. The periosteum is attached to the bones by collagen fibres called Sharpey's fibres and it is an important anchoring point for tendons and ligaments.

Question 42

What is the medullary cavity?

Answer 42

It is in the cavity of the diaphysis and contains red marrow in the young and yellow marrow in the adults.

Question 43

What is read tomorrow?

Answer 43

It is composed of red and white blood cells, typically found in the spongy bone of long bones and flat bones. In adults, red marrow which increases new red blood cells, occurs only in the head of the femur and humerus, and flat bones.

Question 44

What is the trochanter?

Answer 44

Very large blunt shaped projection.