Connective Tissue Flashcards
What are the 6 types of Connective tissue?
- Loose
- Dense Regular
- Dense Irregular
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
What are the two types of Loose connective tissue, and what are there properties?
- Areolar for packing which cushions and protects the body organs and hold them together
- Adipose which is a fat tissue forming the subcutaneous layer.
Aka hypodermis or superficial fascia
Both examples contain more cells and fewer fibres and are therefore softer than the other connective tissues
What is the composition of connective tissues?
- Extracellular matrix (collagen, elastin water& proteoglycans/ground substance)
- Cellular components (fibroblasts and Chondrocytes)
A tough substance that gives tissue strength and stiffness to resist mechanical force and deformation
Collagen
Gives springlike properties to a tissue, enabling it to recover form deformation
Elastin
Water-binding proteins that provide spacing and lubrication between collagen and elastin fibres increasing the tissues ability to change shape
Proteoglycans
In which connective tissue are collagen fibres predominant to create a white flexible tissue with great resistance to pulling forces?
Dense regular connective-tissue
Which connective-tissue has the same structural elements as regular connective-tissue but with bundles of collagen fibres which I think are interwoven and arranged regularly?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Which connective-tissue is tough, flexible, avascular, filled with a silicon like substance called chondroitin sulphate and has qualities intermediate between dense connective tissue and bone,?
Cartilage
In which connective-tissue do you self sit in cavity is called lacunae, surrounded by sick to layers of a very hard matrix containing calcium and mineral salts and large amounts of collagen fibres?
Bone
In which connective-tissue is ground substance replaced by a circular hard matrix containing calcium and mineral salts along with collagen fibres?
Bone
Why is blood is considered a connective-tissue?
Because it consists of blood cells surrounded by a non-living fluid matrix called blood plasma. The fibres of blood are soluble protein molecules that become visible only during blood clotting.
List the three main types of cartilage.
Hyaline.
White fibrocartilage.
Yellow fibrocartilage.
List for pieces of information about highline cartilage.
It forms a temporary foundation from which bones develop
It forms the articular cartilage of synovial joint’s
Forms the xiphoidal process of the sternum and the costal cartilages
Also found in the larynx and the supporting rings of the trachea and bronchi.
List four facts about white fibrocartilage
Contains White fibrous tissue and has more elasticity and tensile strength than hyaline.
Find as sesamoid cartilages in a few tendons.
Forms articular discs in the wrist and clavicle joints.
Forms the labrum or rim in the shoulder and hip joints deepening the sockets.
Forms the menisci in the knee joints.
Forms the intervertebral discs between vertebral bodies.
Forms the cartilage plate, which joins the pelvis anteriorly at the pubic symphysis.
List to facts about yellow fibrocartilage.
Contains yellow elastic fibres.
Found in the external ear, middle ear and epiglottis.
Which type of bone is made up of a collection of haversian systems or osteons?
Compact bone
What is a lamellae?
A group of hollow tubes of bone placed one inside the next.
What is a lacunae?
Spaces in between lamellae that contain lymph and osteocytes
What is a canaliculi?
Hair like canals, which link the lacunae to the lymph vessel in the Haversian canals
What is a perforating or Volkmanns canal?
Canals which run at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the blood vessels and nerve supply within the bone to the periosteum.
Which connective-tissue is composed of small needle like trabeculae containing irregularly arranged lamellae and osteocytes, interconnected by canaliculi?
Cancellous or spongy bone
Does spongy bone have haversian systems?
No, but it does have lots of open spaces, giving spongy bone an honeycombed appearance. These spaces are filled with red or yellow marrow and blood vessels.
Where is spongy bone found?
In the epiphysis of long bones and vertebral bodies.
What type of bone is mainly affected in bone density conditions such as osteoporosis?
Spongy or cancellous bone.
List the three types of bone according to shape.
Irregular bones
Flat bones
Short bones
Long bones
Which type of bone is described by being mostly made up of spongy bone surrounded by thin layers of compact bone, with complicated shapes?
Irregular bones
Which type of bones can be described by being composed of a layer of spongy bone sandwich between two thin layers of compact bone?
Flat bones
Which types of bones can be described as being generally cube shaped, and consisting mostly of spongy bone?
Short bones.
What type of bone is formed and in bedded within a tendon?
Sesamoid bones.
Which type of bone can be described as having a shaft with heads at both ends and consisting mainly of compact bone?
Long bones
Give an example of a long bone?
Femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, ulna, radius.
Give an example of a sesamoid bone
Patella or pisiform
Give an example of a flat bone
Skull, ribs, sternum.
Give an example of an irregular bone.
Skull, vertebrae, pelvic.
List the components of a long bone
Diaphysis Epiphysis Epiphyseal line Articular cartilage Periosteum Medullary cavity Red marrow
What is ‘diaphysis’?
The shaft of a long bone, containing a marrow filled cavity surrounded by compact bone. Formed from one or two primary sites of ossification.
What is a epiphysis?
The end of a long bone, formed from secondary ossification sites. Consists mainly of spongy bone.
What is articular cartilage?
This is located where 2 bones meet within a synovial joint. It contains no blood supply and is smooth and malleable. Movement permits the absorption of synovial fluid, oxygen and nutrition.
What is the epiphyseal line?
This is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate seen in the young, growing bone. By the end of puberty, long bone growth stops and this plate is completely replaced by bone, leaving just the line behind.
What is the periosteum?
A fibrous connective tissue you double layered membrane, which covers the artist surface of the bone. It is vascular and highly sensitive. The outer layer is made of dense regular connective-tissue where is the inner layer mostly comprises of bone forming osteoblasts and then destroying osteoclasts. The periosteum is attached to the bones by collagen fibres called Sharpey’s fibres and it is an important anchoring point for tendons and ligaments.
What is the medullary cavity?
It is in the cavity of the diaphysis and contains red marrow in the young and yellow marrow in the adults.
What is read tomorrow?
It is composed of red and white blood cells, typically found in the spongy bone of long bones and flat bones. In adults, red marrow which increases new red blood cells, occurs only in the head of the femur and humerus, and flat bones.
What is the trochanter?
Very large blunt shaped projection.
