Connective Tissue

Question 0

What are the two main components of connective tissue?

Answer 0

ECM and support cells

Question 1

Connective Tissue

Answer 1

cell layer of a mesodermal origin that forms a matrix underneath a layer of epithelial cells and provides structural support/ a connecting framework for most organs in the body

Question 2

Ground substance

Answer 2

Aqueous gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins in space between cellular and fibrillar elements, makeup determines permeability of connective tissue to proteins and nutrients

Question 3

Collagenous fibers

Answer 3

Type 1, 2, and 3
present in all types of CT
1) Loose/areolar: small elongated bundles surrounded by regions of ground substance, most abundant
2) Dense: a lot of fibers to little collagen, regular (all in one direction, eg tendons), irregular (diff directions, eg dermis)

Question 4

Reticular fibers

Answer 4

Type III collagen secreted by reticular cells, thin network that supports soft tissues like liver, muscles, lymph, and bone marrow

Question 5

Elastic fibers

Answer 5

Protein elastin that co-polymerizes with fibrillin , organized in sheets in arterial walls, stretching them makes them take on an organized structure

Question 6

What are the cells of the connective tissues?

Answer 6

1. Fibroblasts
2. Macrophages
3. Mast cells
4. Chondrocytes
5. White fat cells
6. Brown fat cells

Question 7

Fibroblasts

Answer 7

most common, synthesize collagen and ground substance, if they are contractile they are called myofibroblasts

Question 8

Chondrocytes

Answer 8

form the ECM of cartilage and bone

Question 9

Macrophage

Answer 9

Connective tissue representative from the reticuloendothelia, descended from MONOCYTES, phagocytose and are antigen presenting cells

Question 10

Mast cells

Answer 10

Immune response, granulated cells that release histamine

Question 11

White fat cells

Answer 11

Specialize in storage of triglycerides, when occur in abundance they crowd out or replace other cellular/fibrous elements and become adipose tissue, energy source & thermal insulator
- Histo: form a central lipid vacuole around a plasma membrane, crowd out the nucleus

Question 12

Brown fat cells

Answer 12

Uncouple electron transport chain from ATP to produce heat, find in hibernating bears and infants
smaller lipid droplets (than white fat) and a lot of mitochondria whose cytochrome give them the brown color,

Question 13

Cartillage

Answer 13

Differentiated connective tissue formed by chondrocytes

Prominent ECM where chondrocytes are located in holes/lacunae

Question 14

Perichondrium

Answer 14

Dense fibrous connective tissue capsule that surrounds cartilage, cells in this layer can become chondrocytes

Question 15

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 15

1. Hyaline: type II collagen with chondromucoprotein, found in nose, traceal rings, and costal cartilage
2. Fibrocartillage: very ordered Type 1 collagen, tendons to bones, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
3. Elastic: elastin fibers, type II collagen, very cellular, ear and epiglottis