Connective Tissue

Question 1

What is the function of Connective Tissue?

Answer 1

Support body parts and connect them together

Question 2

Define Loose Connective Tissue

Answer 2

Cells and fibres loosely packed together in a matrix

Question 3

Define Dense Connective Tissue

Answer 3

Cells and fibres densely packed together in a matrix

Question 4

What are two examples of Loose Connective Tissue?

Answer 4

Adipose tissue and Areolar Tissue

Question 5

What are two examples of Dense Connective Tissue?

Answer 5

Fibrous tissue (Ligaments) and Elastic fibres (Tendons)

Question 6

What is the function of Adipose Tissue?

Answer 6

Located around the skin under the heart, mammary glands and the kidneys. It stores fat and provides insulation.

Question 7

What is the function of Areolar Tissue?

Answer 7

Located under all epithelial tissue. Protects all organs, blood vessels and nerves; allows passage for blood vessels or nerves through other tissues; gives strength to epithelial tissue.

Question 8

What is the function of the Ligaments?

Answer 8

Fibrous connective tissue that attaches bones to bones and provides support to joints.

Question 9

What is the function of the Tendons?

Answer 9

Elastic fibres that attach muscles to bones.

Question 10

What are three examples of Specialised Connective Tissue?

Answer 10

Bone, Cartilage and Blood.

Question 11

What is the function of Bone?

Answer 11

Bone is found in the skeleton. It protects and supports the main organs of the body and anchors muscle.

Question 12

What is the function of Cartilage?

Answer 12

Found in the intervertebral discs, between ribs and sternum and the external ear. Cartilage prevents the collapse of trachea or bronchi, and smooths surfaces at joints.

Question 13

What is the function of Blood?

Answer 13

Circulates within the circulatory system. The bloodstream transports substances around the body.

Question 14

What are the five main functions of the Skeleton?

Answer 14

Support, Protection, Movement, haematopoiesis and mineral storage

Question 15

What minerals does the skeleton store?

Answer 15

Calcium and phosphorous - released into blood when needed.

Question 16

Define Haematopoiesis

Answer 16

Production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen, and white blood cells, which protect against infection - within the bone marrow.

Question 17

What are the five sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 17

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Caudal

Question 18

What are the bones of the head?

Answer 18

Lower Maxillary (lower jaw), Maxilla (Upper jaw), Skull and Cranium.

Question 19

What are the bones of the Front leg?

Answer 19

Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpus, Metacarpus, Phalanges.

Question 20

What are the bones of the Hind leg?

Answer 20

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsus, Metatarsus, Phalanges.

Question 21

Define Axial Skeleton

Answer 21

Bones that make up the head and trunk of the body (head, spine and ribs)

Question 22

Define Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 22

Bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bony girdles that support them on the body trunk. These enable movement.

Question 23

What are the five types of bone?

Answer 23

Long, Short, Flat, Sesamoid and Irregular.

Question 24

Define Long bones and their function.

Answer 24

Long bones are used as levers to aid locomotion and support. They are longer than wide; bones of the limbs like the Femur.

Question 25

Define Short bones and their function.

Answer 25

Short bones absorb impact. They have equal dimensions; bones of the feet or paws like the carpal.

Question 26

Define Flat bones and their function.

Answer 26

Flat bones are used for muscle attachment and organ protection. They are strong, flat plates of bone; bones of the pelvis, cranium and scapula.

Question 27

Define Sesamoid bones and their function.

Answer 27

Short irregular bones embedded into a tendon, which reduce friction. Patella (knee cap) or the fetlock in a horse.

Question 28

Define Irregular bones and their function.

Answer 28

Odd-shaped bones for protection, support and anchoring points. Bones of the vertebral column.

Question 29

Define a Joint.

Answer 29

A Joint is a point where two or more bones meet. Some are freely movable, some move only slightly and some are fixed and cannot move at all.

Question 30

Name three types of joint.

Answer 30

Synovial, Cartilaginous and Fibrous Joints

Question 31

Define Fibrous Joints.

Answer 31

Fibrous Joints are fixed by fibrous connective tissue that allows no movement. Mostly found in Skull.

Question 32

Define Cartilaginous Joints.

Answer 32

Cartilaginous Joints are held together by cartilage and only allow slight movement. Typically found in spine and ribs. Cartilage is a good shock absorber.

Question 33

Define Synovial Joints.

Answer 33

Synovial Joints are freely movable and occur where two bones meet.

Question 34

Label and explain the components of the Synovial Joint.

Answer 34

Hyalins Cartilage: reduces friction and acts as shock absorber
Ligament: Joins bone to bone and stabilises the joint.
Tendon: Joins muscles to bones and enables movement.
Synovial Membrane: produces synovial fluid
Synovial Fluid: lubricates the joint.
Fibrous Joint Capsule: an envelope around the synovial joint.

Question 35

What are the six types of Synovial Joint?

Answer 35

Hinge, Pivot, Ball and Socket, Gliding, Condyloid and Saddle.

Question 36

Define Hinge Joints.

Answer 36

For Flexion/Extension - Elbow or Knee

Question 37

Define Pivot Joints.

Answer 37

For rotation of one bone around another - Atlas and Axis bones

Question 38

Define Ball and Socket Joints.

Answer 38

For Flexion/Extension, Adduction/Abduction and internal/external rotation - Shoulder or Hip.

Question 39

Define Gliding Joints.

Answer 39

For gliding movements - Intercarpal Joints

Question 40

Define Condyloid Joints.

Answer 40

For Flexion/Extension and Adduction/Abduction - Wrist or Phalanges

Question 41

Define Saddle Joints.

Answer 41

Most movements apart from rotation - Thumb.