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Histology > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the ECM (matrix)

A

Ground substance
Fibers

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2
Q

The most common type of fiber is…

A

Collagen

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3
Q

The ground substance is made up of ____ and _____

A

GAGs and PGs

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4
Q

The more sulfates GAGs in the ground substance, the more _____ the tissue

A

Rigid/robust

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5
Q

What is the diffusion medium of CT?

A

Ground substance

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6
Q

Besides collagen, what fibers are in the matrix?

A

Elastin

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7
Q

Amorphous proteoglycans are good at binding _____, especially the sulfated GAGs they exhibit

A

Water

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8
Q

Collagen types: most common. Present in bone, L-CT, D-CT, Dermis, tendons, capsules of organs

A

Type 1

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9
Q

Collagen types: collagen of cartilage

A

Type 2

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10
Q

Collagen types: aka reticular fibers, in dermis, in reticular lamina

A

Type 3

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11
Q

Collagen types: basal laminar collagen, non-fibrous

A

Type 4

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12
Q

What is the most abundant protein - 30% of dry body weight?

A

Collagen

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13
Q

Collagen is mostly secreted by:

A

Fibroblasts

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14
Q

What type(s) of collagen are fibrillar (make fibers)

A

Type 1,2,3

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15
Q

What type of collagen forms the basal lamina of the basement membrane

A

Type 4

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16
Q

Collagen synthesis begins at the _____ where various amino acids (typically lysine and _____) are linked together in a single stranded peptide called _______

A

rER
Proline
Procollagen alpha chains

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17
Q

In the _____, procollagen alpha chains assemble in a triple helix structure which is then called a _________

A

rER
Procollagen molecule

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18
Q

Procollagen molecules are soluble and can be stored in ______ until release

A

Fibroblasts

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19
Q

Procollagen molecules are transferred into the _____ via ______

A

Golgi apparatus
Transfer vesicles

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20
Q

In the golgi, the Procollagen molecule receives the finishing touches on its inactivation peptides. These peptides will keep the Procollagen molecules from undergoing _______ until they have been secreted

A

Fibrillogenesis

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21
Q

Procollagen peptidase cleave off the terminal peptides, transforming Procollagen into insoluble collagen molecules, which aggregate to form collagen ______

A

Fibrils

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22
Q

Procollagen w/o activation peptides

A

Tropocollagen

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23
Q

Fibrillogenesis: creating fibrils
Fibril—> ______ —> _____
E.g. (many fibrils make a _____ , many of those make a _____)

A

Fiber
Bundle

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24
Q

What forms covalent bonds between tropocollagen molecules to reinforce the fibril?

A

Lysyl oxidase

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25
Q

These fibers have a fine branching pattern —> framework (not as bundles), act as supportive stroma

A

Collagen type 3

26
Q

Collagen type 3 is found in… (8 places)

A

Lymphoid organs
Endocrine glands
Liver
In basement membrane
Surrounding adipocytes
Small blood vessels
Nerves
Muscle cells

27
Q

These fibers are secreted by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. They are made of elastin and fibrillin

A

Elastic fibers

28
Q

What forms a scaffold? Elastin binds to this scaffold to make the fiber

A

Fibrillin

29
Q

Marfan’s syndrome is a mutation in …

A

Fibrillin gene

30
Q

Aortic swellings (aneurysms), curved spine, excessively long limbs, crowded teeth are symptoms of what?

A

Marfan’s syndrome

31
Q

What kind of cells have a spindle shaped nucleus?

A

Fibroblasts

32
Q

What is the most common cell in CT?

A

Fibroblasts

33
Q

Fibroblasts with more rER and golgi have what kind of nucleus?

A

Leptochromatic

34
Q

Fibrocytes are ______ fibroblasts. This leads them to have a ________ nucleus.

A

Inactive
Pachychromatic

35
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

Secrete collagen, elastin, GAGs, PGs, ground substance

36
Q

Scar tissue that grows beyond the boundaries of the original wound and does not regress is called?

A

Keloid

37
Q

This type of cell is oval shaped and appears very granular because of the large amounts of secretory vesicles

A

Mast cells

38
Q

Where are mast cells found?

A

Loose CT near smaller blood vessels, skin, mucosal membranes of GI and respiratory tracts

39
Q

Mast cells originate in _______

A

Bone marrow

40
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

Secrete heparin, histamine, serine proteases, cytokines, leukocyte chemotaxi factors

41
Q

Mast cells secrete heparin, histamine, serine proteases, cytokines, leukocyte chemotaxi factors, etc. What is this important for?

A

Generating an inflammatory response

42
Q

What kind of cells are irregularly shaped with a large leptochromatic nucleus?

A

Macrophages

43
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

Remove debris at the site of inflammation or injury

44
Q

Where are macrophages found?

A

CT - lungs, bone marrow, precursors of macrophages called monocytes are found in blood

45
Q

What type of cells are ovoid shaped with a pachycromatic nucleus?

A

Plasma cells

46
Q

Plasma cells are found where?

A

CT - originating with other blood cells in the bone marrow, blood

47
Q

What is the function of plasma cells?

A

Production of immunoglobulin antibodies. The function of the antibody is to neutralize the antigen it binds to

48
Q

What kind of CT is found under epithelia all throughout the body and a filler between muscle fibers/nerves?

A

Loose CT

49
Q

Loose CT has _____ GS and ______ fibers

A

More
Less

50
Q

What kind of CT is predominantly made up of T1 collagen?

A

Dense CT

51
Q

Dense CT has _____ GS and _____ fibers

A

Less
More

52
Q

Dense connective tissue function

A

Protects organs

53
Q

Dominant cell type in dense CT

A

Fibroblasts

54
Q

Mucoid CT is also known as …

A

Wharton’s Jelly

55
Q

Where is mucoid CT found?

A

Umbilical cord

56
Q

Embryonic CT has _____ fibers, _____ cells, ______ GS

A

Less
More
More

57
Q

What is regenerative tissue of the growing embryo during embryogenesis?

A

Mesenchyme

58
Q

What is reticular CT made up of?

A

T3 collagen and fibroblasts

59
Q

Reticular CT has _____ collagen, _____ cells, and ____ GS

A

Increased
Moderate
Moderate

60
Q

What kind of CT provides a framework for tissues like bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, etc?

A

Reticular CT

Histology (2 decks)

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