connective tissue Flashcards
(39 cards)
what is connective tissue
👉Connective tissue is the tissue that connects or separates, and supports all the other types of tissues in the body.
👉Like all tissue types, it consists of cells surrounded by a compartment of fluid called the extracellular matrix (ECM)
what are the functions of the connective tissue
👉Connective tissue supports organs and cells,
👉acts as a medium for the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues,
👉protects against microorganisms,
👉repairs damaged tissues, and
👉stores fat.
what are the functions of the connective tissue
👉Connective tissue supports organs and cells,
👉acts as a medium for the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues,
👉protects against microorganisms,
👉repairs damaged tissues, and
👉stores fat.
what is ground substance
👉is a colorless, transparent, gel-like material in which the cells and fibers of connective tissue are embedded.
👉It is a complex mixture of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins
👉Ground substance:
-serves as a lubricant,
-helps prevent invasion of tissues by foreign agents, and
-resists forces of compression
what are the composition of ground substances
👉It is a complex mixture of glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins
what are the functions of ground substance
👉
what are the functions of ground substance
👉serves as a lubricant,
👉helps prevent invasion of tissues by foreign agents, and
👉resists forces of compression
comment on collagen
👉Although there are over 20 different types,
👉Collagen fibers are predominantly
>collagen type I(Skin, bone, tendon, ligament, dentin, sclera),
>collagen type II (Hyaline and elastic cartilage)
>collagen type III (In loose connective tissue, blood vessels, smooth muscle, endoneurium).
👉These are the most abundant protein fiber type, providing varying degrees of strength and rigidity to tissues.
where do you see the collagen type I fibres
👉Fibrocartilage (Type I & II)
👉Skin
👉bone
👉tendon
👉ligament
👉dentin
👉sclera
where do you see the type II collagen fibres
👉Hyaline
👉Fibrocartilage (Type I & II)
👉Elastic cartilage
where do you see type III collagen fibres
in loose connective tissues, blood vessels, smooth muscle, endoneurium
what are reticular fibres
👉Reticular fibers consist of collagen type III,
👉They are thin delicate fibers that form meshlike networks in organs such as the spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes.
what is the collagen for reticular fibres
type III
what are elastic fibres
👉Elastic fibers are made from the protein elastin and the microfibrils of fibrillin, giving stretching and bending properties to tissues.
👉They are mostly found within the walls of large blood vessels, elastic cartilages, yellow ligaments, lungs and skin.
like where do we see elastin fibres
👉they are mostly found within the walls of large blood vessels,
👉elastic cartilages,
👉yellow ligaments,
👉lungs and
👉skin.
what are the 2 types of connective tissue cells
Fixed and Transient
list the fixed connective tissue cells
👉fibroblasts,
👉pericytes,
👉adipose cells,
👉mast cells, and
👉fixed macrophages
list the transient connective tissue cells
👉certain macrophages,
👉lymphocytes,
👉plasma cells,
👉neutrophils,
👉eosinophils, and
👉basophils.
comment on the fibroblasts
👉Fibroblasts arise from mesenchymal cells and are the predominant cells in connective tissue proper.
👉They often possess an oval nucleus with 2 or more nucleoli.
👉Fibroblasts seldom undergo mitosis except in wound healing. They may differentiate into other cell types under certain conditions {NORMALLY: adipocytes, chondrocytes. PATHOLOGICALLY: osteoblasts}
👉They contain actin {Only at the periphery} and Myosin {everywhere in cytoplasm}
👉Synthetically active, they produce procollagen and other components of the extracellular matrix.
what other cells does the fibroblast differenciate into
👉NORMALLY: adipocytes, chondrocytes.
👉PATHOLOGICALLY: osteoblasts}
what are the pericytes
👉Pericytes are derived from embryonic mesenchymal cells and may retain a pluripotential role.
👉They possess characteristics of endothelial cells as well as smooth muscle cells because they contain actin, myosin, and tropomyosin, suggesting that they may function in contraction (esp. in blood vessels)
👉In response to injury, pericytes may give rise to endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells of blood vessel walls.
what are the pericytes derived from
embryonic mesenchyme cells
what are the pericytes response to injury
👉endothelial cells
👉fibroblasts
👉smooth muscle cells of blood vessel walls
what are the adipocytes
👉Adipose cells (adipocytes) arise from mesenchymal cells and perhaps from fibroblasts.
👉They do not normally undergo cell division because they are fully differentiated cells. However, they do increase in number in early neonatal life.
👉They are surrounded by a basal lamina and
👉are responsible for the
-synthesis,
-storage, and
-release of fat.