connective tissue

Question 1

what are connective tissues?

Answer 1

it is the most abundant and most widely distributed tissue in the animal body, it connects tissues and organs and provides support to various structures in the animal body .its also forms of packing around organs to make sure they don’t displace when the body moves

Question 2

explain the structure of connective tissues?

Answer 2

it composed of living cells embedded in the nonliving intercellular matrix. the matrix is made up of modified polysaccharides(mucopolysaccharides, hydrochloric acid ) and protein. in all connective tissue except in blood, the cell secretes a protein called elastin and collagen, which provides strength, elasticity, and flexibility to the tissue.

Question 3

what are the different t types of connective tissues?

Answer 3

1loose connective

2) dense
3) specialized

Question 4

what is loose connective tissue?

Answer 4

they are connective tissues with cells loosely arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance(matrix).eh areolar and adipose

Question 5

what are areolar tissues?

Answer 5

It is the most widely distributed connective tissue, it often acts as a support framework for epithelium. it connects muscle to skin. it also fills spaces in organs and covers muscles , blood vessels, and nerves.

Question 6

explain the structure of connective tissue?

Answer 6

the matrix is made up of modified polysaccharides(mucopolysaccharides) and protein(glycoprotein ). there are several irregular cell present which performs different functions.

Question 7

what are the irregular cells present in areolar tissue?

Answer 7

1)fibroblast: they produce and secrete fiber and matrix
2)histiocytes or macrophages: they help in
phagocytosis
3)mast cells/mucocytes: produces :a) histamine - vasodilator
b)heparin - anticoagulant
c)serotonin - vasoconstrictor
4) plasma cells: produces antibiotics

Question 8

what are the two types of fibres present in areolar tissue?

Answer 8

1) white collagen fibers: they are collagen protein, they in bundles, inelastic and unbranched. when boiled they give gelatin
2) yellow elastin fibers: they are made up of elastin protein. branched=d and elastic. and they are unaffected by boiling

Question 9

what are the functions of areolar tissue?

Answer 9

1) they play a role in supporting and packaging tissues between organs lying in the body cavity
2) they play role in repairing injured tissue

Question 10

which hormone regulates body fat

Answer 10

leptin

Question 11

explain the structure of adipose tissue?

Answer 11

fat cells are oval or round in shape and contain a large droplet of fat that almost fills it. the nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fat and are stored in these cells. the protein fibers are few in numbers and forms a loose network to support the fat-laden cells

Question 12

what are adipose tissues?

Answer 12

they are fat-storing tissues. It’sd an aggregation of fat cells or adipocytes.

Question 13

explain the structure of adipose tissue?

Answer 13

fat cells are oval or round in shape and contain a large droplet of fat that almost fills it. the nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fat and are stored in these cells. the protein fibers are few in numbers and form a loose network to support the fat-laden cells.

Question 14

what are adipose tissues located?

Answer 14

they are located beneath the skin, around the kidneys heart, eyeball, etc. blubber of whales and elephants, hump of camels, and fat body of frogs .

Question 15

what are the functions of adipose tissue?

Answer 15

1) fat reservoir
2) acts as a shock-absorbent in eyeball and kidneys
3) since it’s a poor conductor of heat, it reduces the heat leaving the body.

Question 16

what are adipose tissues?

Answer 16

they are fat-storing tissues. It’sd an aggregation of fat cells or adipocytes.

Question 17

explain the structure of adipose tissue?

Answer 17

fat cells are oval or round in shape and contain a large droplet of fat that almost fills it. the nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fat and are stored in these cells. the protein fibers are few in numbers and form a loose network to support the fat-laden cells.

Question 18

what are adipose tissues located?

Answer 18

they are located beneath the skin, around the kidneys heart, eyeball, etc. blubber of whales and elephants, the hump of camels, and fat body of frogs., hibernating animal, necks of infants, the adult human body.

Question 19

what are the functions of adipose tissue?

Answer 19

1) fat reservoir
2) acts as a shock-absorbent in the eyeball and kidneys
3) since it’s a poor conductor of heat, it reduces the heat leaving the body.

Question 20

what is brown tissue?

Answer 20

it is a type of fat , that is responsible for turning fat into body heat , a.k.a good fat. they ;

1) are multilobulated
2) they have large amount of cytoplasm
3) they have many mitochondria

Question 21

what is white tissue?

Answer 21

it is a type of fat. the :

1) are mono tubulated
2) they have a small amount of cytoplasm
3) they have few mitochondrias

Question 22

what is dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 22

they are collagen fibres present in rows between many parallel bundles of fibres.
eg:
1) tendons - it is a strong and inelastic structure that joins bone to muscle. it consists of collagen fibres present in parallel bundles. Made up of white collagen fibres
2) ligaments: connect bone to bone. it consists of collagen fibres present in bundles andfibroblastss present rows between the bundles. made up of elastin fibres collagen and few gen fibers.

Question 23

what is dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 23

it consists of fibres and fibroblasts compactly packed in the matrix. its the principal component of the tendon and ligament.

Question 24

what is irregular connective tissue?

Answer 24

it has fibroblasts and many fibers oriented differently they present in the skin

Question 25

what is specialized connective tissue?

Answer 25

1) skeletal connective tissue

2) fluid connective tissue

Question 26

what is skeletal connective tissue?

Answer 26

they are C.T in which extracellular ground substance is solid. they form an endoskeleton or body framework in vertebrates. they protect the body’s organs and helps in locomotion. it includes bones and cartilage

Question 27

what is cartilage?

Answer 27

is elastic tissue, harder than dens CT but softer than bones. they’re abundantly found in embryos of vertebrates since all the bones in the adult body were cartilaginous in nature

Question 28

explain the structure of cartilage?

Answer 28

matrix is solid and pliable an d is composed of Chondroitin sulfate protein and a protein called chondrin. some collagen and elastic fibers are present. in the matrix are present fluid filled spaces called lacunae. lacunae contains cartilage forming cells called chondrocytes.matrix is produced and maintained my cartilage cells.

Question 29

what are the different types of cartilage cells?

Answer 29

1) chondroblasts: young and constantly diving dividing cartilage forming cell
2) chondrocytes: - they deposit together and form cartilage, they are present in lacunae
3) chondroclasts: break down internal cartilage forming components

Question 30

what are the functions of cartilages?

Answer 30

1) provide support and flexibility to the body and resists compression
2) smoothen surface at joints preventing body damage by wear and tear

Question 31

what are the types of cartwilages?

Answer 31

1) hyaline: matrix is fibreless
location: larynx, nasal septum, tracheal rings
2) white fibroblast cartilage: matric has more collagen fibers
location: nucleus
3) yellow elastic cartilage: has more elastic fibers
locations: epiglottis, ear pinna
4) calcified: formed by the accumulation of calcium in hyaline cartilage
location: some frog bones

Question 32

what are bones?

Answer 32

it is a very strong, non - flexible, and hard CT. it is made up of 70 % inorganic and 30 % organic material.
mode decalcifies and becomes soft and flexible when put in HCL, it is unaffected by KOH.

Question 33

explain the structure of bones?

Answer 33

1) gives strength: a) salts in the matrix: calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, b) fibers: collagen fibers
2) protein: ossein
3) matrix: non-pillable

Question 34

which are the cells present in bones?

Answer 34

1) osteocytes