connective tissue Flashcards
what are connective tissues?
it is the most abundant and most widely distributed tissue in the animal body, it connects tissues and organs and provides support to various structures in the animal body .its also forms of packing around organs to make sure they don’t displace when the body moves
explain the structure of connective tissues?
it composed of living cells embedded in the nonliving intercellular matrix. the matrix is made up of modified polysaccharides(mucopolysaccharides, hydrochloric acid ) and protein. in all connective tissue except in blood, the cell secretes a protein called elastin and collagen, which provides strength, elasticity, and flexibility to the tissue.
what are the different t types of connective tissues?
1loose connective
2) dense
3) specialized
what is loose connective tissue?
they are connective tissues with cells loosely arranged in a semi-fluid ground substance(matrix).eh areolar and adipose
what are areolar tissues?
It is the most widely distributed connective tissue, it often acts as a support framework for epithelium. it connects muscle to skin. it also fills spaces in organs and covers muscles , blood vessels, and nerves.
explain the structure of connective tissue?
the matrix is made up of modified polysaccharides(mucopolysaccharides) and protein(glycoprotein ). there are several irregular cell present which performs different functions.
what are the irregular cells present in areolar tissue?
1)fibroblast: they produce and secrete fiber and matrix
2)histiocytes or macrophages: they help in
phagocytosis
3)mast cells/mucocytes: produces :a) histamine - vasodilator
b)heparin - anticoagulant
c)serotonin - vasoconstrictor
4) plasma cells: produces antibiotics
what are the two types of fibres present in areolar tissue?
1) white collagen fibers: they are collagen protein, they in bundles, inelastic and unbranched. when boiled they give gelatin
2) yellow elastin fibers: they are made up of elastin protein. branched=d and elastic. and they are unaffected by boiling
what are the functions of areolar tissue?
1) they play a role in supporting and packaging tissues between organs lying in the body cavity
2) they play role in repairing injured tissue
which hormone regulates body fat
leptin
explain the structure of adipose tissue?
fat cells are oval or round in shape and contain a large droplet of fat that almost fills it. the nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fat and are stored in these cells. the protein fibers are few in numbers and forms a loose network to support the fat-laden cells
what are adipose tissues?
they are fat-storing tissues. It’sd an aggregation of fat cells or adipocytes.
explain the structure of adipose tissue?
fat cells are oval or round in shape and contain a large droplet of fat that almost fills it. the nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fat and are stored in these cells. the protein fibers are few in numbers and form a loose network to support the fat-laden cells.
what are adipose tissues located?
they are located beneath the skin, around the kidneys heart, eyeball, etc. blubber of whales and elephants, hump of camels, and fat body of frogs .
what are the functions of adipose tissue?
1) fat reservoir
2) acts as a shock-absorbent in eyeball and kidneys
3) since it’s a poor conductor of heat, it reduces the heat leaving the body.
what are adipose tissues?
they are fat-storing tissues. It’sd an aggregation of fat cells or adipocytes.
explain the structure of adipose tissue?
fat cells are oval or round in shape and contain a large droplet of fat that almost fills it. the nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into fat and are stored in these cells. the protein fibers are few in numbers and form a loose network to support the fat-laden cells.
what are adipose tissues located?
they are located beneath the skin, around the kidneys heart, eyeball, etc. blubber of whales and elephants, the hump of camels, and fat body of frogs., hibernating animal, necks of infants, the adult human body.
what are the functions of adipose tissue?
1) fat reservoir
2) acts as a shock-absorbent in the eyeball and kidneys
3) since it’s a poor conductor of heat, it reduces the heat leaving the body.
what is brown tissue?
it is a type of fat , that is responsible for turning fat into body heat , a.k.a good fat. they ;
1) are multilobulated
2) they have large amount of cytoplasm
3) they have many mitochondria
what is white tissue?
it is a type of fat. the :
1) are mono tubulated
2) they have a small amount of cytoplasm
3) they have few mitochondrias
what is dense regular connective tissue?
they are collagen fibres present in rows between many parallel bundles of fibres.
eg:
1) tendons - it is a strong and inelastic structure that joins bone to muscle. it consists of collagen fibres present in parallel bundles. Made up of white collagen fibres
2) ligaments: connect bone to bone. it consists of collagen fibres present in bundles andfibroblastss present rows between the bundles. made up of elastin fibres collagen and few gen fibers.
what is dense regular connective tissue?
it consists of fibres and fibroblasts compactly packed in the matrix. its the principal component of the tendon and ligament.
what is irregular connective tissue?
it has fibroblasts and many fibers oriented differently they present in the skin
what is specialized connective tissue?
1) skeletal connective tissue
2) fluid connective tissue
what is skeletal connective tissue?
they are C.T in which extracellular ground substance is solid. they form an endoskeleton or body framework in vertebrates. they protect the body’s organs and helps in locomotion. it includes bones and cartilage
what is cartilage?
is elastic tissue, harder than dens CT but softer than bones. they’re abundantly found in embryos of vertebrates since all the bones in the adult body were cartilaginous in nature
explain the structure of cartilage?
matrix is solid and pliable an d is composed of Chondroitin sulfate protein and a protein called chondrin. some collagen and elastic fibers are present. in the matrix are present fluid filled spaces called lacunae. lacunae contains cartilage forming cells called chondrocytes.matrix is produced and maintained my cartilage cells.
what are the different types of cartilage cells?
1) chondroblasts: young and constantly diving dividing cartilage forming cell
2) chondrocytes: - they deposit together and form cartilage, they are present in lacunae
3) chondroclasts: break down internal cartilage forming components
what are the functions of cartilages?
1) provide support and flexibility to the body and resists compression
2) smoothen surface at joints preventing body damage by wear and tear
what are the types of cartwilages?
1) hyaline: matrix is fibreless
location: larynx, nasal septum, tracheal rings
2) white fibroblast cartilage: matric has more collagen fibers
location: nucleus
3) yellow elastic cartilage: has more elastic fibers
locations: epiglottis, ear pinna
4) calcified: formed by the accumulation of calcium in hyaline cartilage
location: some frog bones
what are bones?
it is a very strong, non - flexible, and hard CT. it is made up of 70 % inorganic and 30 % organic material.
mode decalcifies and becomes soft and flexible when put in HCL, it is unaffected by KOH.
explain the structure of bones?
1) gives strength: a) salts in the matrix: calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, b) fibers: collagen fibers
2) protein: ossein
3) matrix: non-pillable
which are the cells present in bones?
1) osteocytes
