connective

Question 1

What are the three main components?

Answer 1

Extracellular Matrix - Ground Substance and Fibres

Cells

Question 2

What are the cells separated by

Answer 2

Extracellular Matrix

Question 3

What is the function of the EM

Answer 3

Structural and biochemical support

Question 4

Ground Substance

Answer 4

Clear gel. Made of glycoproteins and carbohydrates. water-binding ability, provides tissue volume

Question 5

What are the main types of fibres

Answer 5

Collagen and Elastin

Question 6

Compare the fibres

Answer 6

Collagen is stronger and more abundant (tensile strength)

Elastin is long and branched. Recoil

Question 7

Type I collagen cells

Answer 7

fibrous tissues (dermis of skin, tendons, ligaments, bone)

Question 8

Type II collagen cells

Answer 8

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 9

Type III collagen cells

Answer 9

Branched “reticular” network in highly cellular organs

Question 10

Elastin

Answer 10

Provides elasticity.

Question 11

Differences in cells

Answer 11

xxxblasts - synthesise ECM

xxxcytes - maintain ECM

xxxclasts - breakdown ECM

Question 12

Examples of different cells

Answer 12

Fibroblasts - most common

Odontoblasts synthesise dentin

Adipocytes maintain ECM in Adipose tissue

Osteocytes recycle (breakdown) ECM in bone

Question 13

Cell secretions

Answer 13

Fibroblasts secrete fibres and components of ground substance

Chondrocytes secrete and maintain ECM in cartilage

Osteoblasts and Osteocytes secrete and maintain mineralised ECM in bone

Question 14

Major difference between epithelial and connective tissue

Answer 14

Connective tissue is highly vascularised. The exception is cartilage, tendons and ligaments

Question 15

Examples of connective tissues

Answer 15

Bone - Structural integrity

Cartilage - Protects joints

Tendons and Ligaments - Connects muscle to bone, protects joints

Adipose tissue - Energy storage

Mesentery - connects intestine to abdomen

Layers under skin and around organs - support

Question 16

Classification of connective tissues

Answer 16

Connective tissue proper, Skeletal connective tissues (cartilage and bone), fluid connective tissues (blood and lymph)

Question 17

Connective tissue proper forms

Answer 17

Loose (mostly ground substance) and Dense (mostly fibres)

Question 18

Loose and Dense connective tissue examples

Answer 18

Loose - areolar, adipose, reticular
Dense - regular, irregular, elastic

Question 19

1. Areolar tissue

Answer 19

Universal packing material
Beneath skin, submucosa, capillaries
Both elastin and collagen

Question 20

2. Adipose tissue

Answer 20

Alone or clusters
Energy storage (lipids), shock absorption, insulation.
Deep beneath skin and foot pads

Question 21

1. Dense regular

Answer 21

packed collagen fibres same direction. Tensile strength.
Tendons and Ligaments

Question 22

Purpose of tendons

Answer 22

Transfers muscle contraction to the bone

Question 23

2. Dense irregular

Answer 23

packed interwoven fibres different directions
Dermis
protective capsule around organs

Question 24

3. Elastic

Answer 24

Recoil
Arteries, skin, lungs
underlying transitional epithelium

Question 25

Scurvy

Answer 25

lack of vitamin c = lacking collagen. Loose teeth, skin haemorrhage
Vitamin C supplements and diet

Question 26

Collagen structure

Answer 26

Triple A-helix
glycine, proline, hyroxyproline
Hydroxylase enzymes need vitamin c as co-factor

Question 27

SLE

Answer 27

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis. Autoimmune
Dryness and soreness.
Buccal and Palatal lesions

Question 28

Sjogerns

Answer 28

Autoantibodies attack tear and saliva glands.
Dry eyes and dry mouth.
Caries and candidiasis.

Question 29

What disorders can sjogerns accompany

Answer 29

SLE or rheumatoid arthritis