connective Flashcards
What are the three main components?
Extracellular Matrix - Ground Substance and Fibres
Cells
What are the cells separated by
Extracellular Matrix
What is the function of the EM
Structural and biochemical support
Ground Substance
Clear gel. Made of glycoproteins and carbohydrates. water-binding ability, provides tissue volume
What are the main types of fibres
Collagen and Elastin
Compare the fibres
Collagen is stronger and more abundant (tensile strength)
Elastin is long and branched. Recoil
Type I collagen cells
fibrous tissues (dermis of skin, tendons, ligaments, bone)
Type II collagen cells
Hyaline Cartilage
Type III collagen cells
Branched “reticular” network in highly cellular organs
Elastin
Provides elasticity.
Differences in cells
xxxblasts - synthesise ECM
xxxcytes - maintain ECM
xxxclasts - breakdown ECM
Examples of different cells
Fibroblasts - most common
Odontoblasts synthesise dentin
Adipocytes maintain ECM in Adipose tissue
Osteocytes recycle (breakdown) ECM in bone
Cell secretions
Fibroblasts secrete fibres and components of ground substance
Chondrocytes secrete and maintain ECM in cartilage
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes secrete and maintain mineralised ECM in bone
Major difference between epithelial and connective tissue
Connective tissue is highly vascularised. The exception is cartilage, tendons and ligaments
Examples of connective tissues
Bone - Structural integrity
Cartilage - Protects joints
Tendons and Ligaments - Connects muscle to bone, protects joints
Adipose tissue - Energy storage
Mesentery - connects intestine to abdomen
Layers under skin and around organs - support
Classification of connective tissues
Connective tissue proper, Skeletal connective tissues (cartilage and bone), fluid connective tissues (blood and lymph)
Connective tissue proper forms
Loose (mostly ground substance) and Dense (mostly fibres)
Loose and Dense connective tissue examples
Loose - areolar, adipose, reticular
Dense - regular, irregular, elastic
- Areolar tissue
Universal packing material
Beneath skin, submucosa, capillaries
Both elastin and collagen
- Adipose tissue
Alone or clusters
Energy storage (lipids), shock absorption, insulation.
Deep beneath skin and foot pads
- Dense regular
packed collagen fibres same direction. Tensile strength.
Tendons and Ligaments
Purpose of tendons
Transfers muscle contraction to the bone
- Dense irregular
packed interwoven fibres different directions
Dermis
protective capsule around organs
- Elastic
Recoil
Arteries, skin, lungs
underlying transitional epithelium
Scurvy
lack of vitamin c = lacking collagen. Loose teeth, skin haemorrhage
Vitamin C supplements and diet
Collagen structure
Triple A-helix
glycine, proline, hyroxyproline
Hydroxylase enzymes need vitamin c as co-factor
SLE
Systemic Lupus Erythematosis. Autoimmune
Dryness and soreness.
Buccal and Palatal lesions
Sjogerns
Autoantibodies attack tear and saliva glands.
Dry eyes and dry mouth.
Caries and candidiasis.
What disorders can sjogerns accompany
SLE or rheumatoid arthritis
