Conjunctions, Particles, Middle Bits

Question 1

Adj./V+(으)니까

시험 공부를 해야 하니까 파티에 갈 수 없어요.

Answer 1

“Because” “so” Shows personal reason/excuse. First clause describes why second clause occurs.

A/V (C/V) + (으)니까 + Clause showing outcome

Question 2

Adj./V+고(요)

음식도 맛있고요 깨끗하고요 종업원도 친절해요.

Answer 2

“And” To connect short clauses and things, 요 sounds natural when spoken

A/V (-다) +고(요) + Next clause, verb, adjective

Question 3

V+(으)려고

여행을 하려고 돈을 모아요.

Answer 3

“With the intention of” “In order to”

V (C/V) + (으)려고 + Action being described

Question 4

Adj./V+아/어서

배가 고파서 간식을 먹었어요.

Answer 4

“Therefore” “Because” Connects two clauses to show cause and result between the two.

A/V (아/어) + 아/어서 + Clause with resulting action

“Because I am hungry I ate snacks.”/ “I am hungry therefore I ate snacks.”

Question 5

Adj./V+지만

바쁘지만 여행을 가요.

Answer 5

“Even though” “But” Added to first clause to negate second.

A/V (-다) + 지만 + Clause being negated

Question 6

Adj.+ㄴ/은데

산호세는 더운데 샌프란시스코는 시원해요.

Answer 6

“Even though” “But”. Creates contrast between two clauses. First clause offers more detail/intro to second clause.

A/Past V (C/V) 은/ㄴ데 + Supporting clause

Question 7

V/있/없+는데

콩쥐는 일을 하는데 팥쥐는 놀아요.

Answer 7

“Even though” “But”. Creates contrast between two clauses. First clause offers more detail/intro to second clause.

V/있다/없다 (-다) 는데 + Supporting clause

Question 8

Adj./V+거나

시간이 있을 때 영화를 보거나 책을 읽어요.

Answer 8

“Or” Choice/options between verbs and adjectives.

A/V (-다) 거나 + Verb/adjective alternative

Question 9

Adj./V+(으)면서

밥을 먹으면서 텔레비전을 봐요.
이 음식은 매우면서 짜요.

Answer 9

“While” “As” Concurrent action or subject with simultaneous attributes

A/V (C/V) (으)면서 + Concurrent clause/adjective

Question 10

Adj./V+(으)면

한국에 가면 쇼핑을 할 거예요.

Answer 10

“When” “If” When an action occurs another one occurs/will occur

A/V (C/V) (으)면 + Comparison clause

Question 11

N+(이)나

저는 버스나 택시로 갈 거예요

Answer 11

“Or” Choice/options between nouns and objects/subjects.

N (C/V) (이)나 + Comparison noun/subject

Question 12

Adj.+게

방을 깨끗하게 청소했어요.

Answer 12

Changes adjectives into adverbs.

A (-다) 게 + Verb being described

Question 13

N+(으)로

여기에서 오른쪽으로 가세요.

Answer 13

Direction or method of an action

N (C/V) (으)로 + Action being described

Question 14

V+ㄴ/은 후에

밥을 먹은 후에 텔레비전을 봐요.

Answer 14

“After” Creates time order, shows what happened/will happen after first action

V (C/V) 은/ㄴ 후에 + Action taking place after verb

Question 15

Adj./V+ㄹ/을 때

위시앙 씨는 어렸을 때 야채를 싫어했어요.

Answer 15

“When” Used in either future or past tense

A/V (C/V) + ㄹ/을 때 + Action inside the “when”

Question 16

V+기 전에

식사하기 전에 물을 마셔요.

Answer 16

“Before” Added to verbs, “before doing x”

V (-다) + 기 전에 + Action to take place earliest

Question 17

Adj./V+기 때문에

춥기 때문에 히터를 틀어요.

Answer 17

“Because” Shows reason between clauses

A/V (-다) + 기 때문에 + Clause showing resulting action

Question 18

Adj.+ㄴ/은지

이 빛이 충분히 밝은지 모르겠어요.

Answer 18

“Whether” “If” Shows uncertainty, typically used with 모르다 or 알다 and question words

A (-다) + ㄴ/은 지 + Clause asking/showing uncertainty

Question 19

V/있/없+는지

니콜 씨가 학교에 갔는지 물어 봤어요?

Answer 19

“Whether” “If” Shows uncertainty, typically used with 모르다 or 알다 and question words

V/있다/없다 (-다) + 는지 + Clause asking/showing uncertainty

Question 20

Adj.+겠

재미있겠어요. 좋겠어요.

Answer 20

“It looks” “It seems” Used to guess feelings of others. Expresses intuitive supposition.

A (-다) + 겠어요(./!)

Question 21

Obj.+에게 / 한테 / 께

할머니한테 선물을 줘요.

Answer 21

“To” Object particle for target/recipient of action.

Indirect object + 에게/한테/께 + object/action

께 - Honorific 한테 - spoken

Question 22

N+와 / 과
하고
이랑 / 랑

친구하고 여행해요.

Answer 22

And or “with”

N + and of choice + N + more N or end of clause

와 - V/과 -C
하고 - No rules, oh yeah.
이랑 - C/랑 - V - Spoken

Question 23

Obj.+ 에게서 / 한테서

이 소식을 친구에게서 들었어요.

Answer 23

“From” Object particle shows origin of action

Indirect object + 에게서 / 한테서 + object/action

Question 24

보다

나는 여름 보다 겨울을 더 좋아해요.

Answer 24

“Than” Comparative particle

Subj. 1 (the favored) + 이/가 (ㄴ/은 = emphasis) + Subj. 2 + 보다 +(더) A/V.

더 = more than

Question 25

처럼 / 같이

서현씨는 천사같이 착해요/ 가수처럼 노래를 불러요.

Answer 25

“Like” “similar to” “as”

Subj. + N that Subj. is similar to + 처럼/같이 + A/V.

Question 26

중에서

겨울과 여름 중에서 언제가 더 좋아요?

Answer 26

“Among” “between” Comparative particle

Subj. 1 + 와/과/하고 + Subj. 2 + 중에서 + question word + (더) A/V?

더 = more than

Question 27

제일/가장

우리 반에서 앤디 씨가 제일 바빠요.

Answer 27

“The most” Superlative expression

Group in comparison + subject + 제일/가장 + Adj./Adv. + Noun.