Congential, Mediastinal And Tracheal

Question 1

Differential diagnosis of unilateral hyperlucent lung

Answer 1

S- swyer James syndrome
A-agenesis
F- fibrosis, mediastinal
E-effusion contralater

P-neumothorax, pneumonectomy, Poland syndrome
O- obstruction
E-embolism
M -mucous plug

Question 2

Name 3 radiologic findings of a hyperlucent lung syndrome on CT scan -swyer James syndrome

Answer 2

1. Unilateral small hyperlucent lung
2. Diminished arterial supply
3. Air trapping, no change in lung size, despite inspiratory and expiratory views

Question 3

Describe Poland syndrome

Answer 3

Congenital unilateral absence of pectoralis major and minor

Question 4

List three features of scimitar syndrome

Answer 4

1. Anomalous drainage of one lung (right) into the IVC via the pulmonary vein
2. Unilateral hypoplastic lung (right)
3. Congenital Cardiac anomalies (asd, pulmonary stenosis)

• pulmonary hypertension, cardiac hypoplasia, recurrent infections

Question 5

List four differences on imaging that differentiate Intra and extralobar sequestration

Answer 5

Intralobar 
- can connect to Tracheal bronchial tree
- appear lucent
- Drain to pulmonary veins
Extra lobar 
- never connect to TB tree
-Appear consolidated
- Drain to IVC or azygous
- often associated with foregut abnormalities, can present below the diaphragm