Congenital Heart Defects

Question 1

List the cyanotic heart defects

Answer 1

Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid Atresia, Transposition of Great Arteries, Hypoplastic Left Heart

Question 2

What defines whether a heart defect is cyanotic or acyanotic?

Answer 2

Cyanotic will be where there is a R->L shunt meaning deoxygenated blood will mix with oxygenated and enter systemic circulation. Acyanotic will be L->R shunt and only problem is oxygenated blood will reenter pulmonary circulation.

Question 3

What happens in transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 3

The aorta instead comes from the R ventricle (not left) and pulm. trunk will come from L ventricle (not right). Therefore deoxygenated blood will never become oxygenated.

Question 4

What will children with transposition of the great arteries need to survive?

Answer 4

Could’t survive without a shunt- atrial, ventricular, ductal

Question 5

What 4 things are present in tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 5

VSD, pulm stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, over-riding aorta.

Question 6

Why, in tetralogy of fallot, do patients get right ventricular hypertrophy?

Answer 6

The pulmonary trunk stenosis means the R ventricle needs to pump at a higher pressure to get the blood out

Question 7

What is an over-riding aorta?

Answer 7

Where the blood comes from BOTH ventricles

Question 8

What is tricuspid atresia?

Answer 8

Tricuspid valves don’t develop, TF blood can’t get through R atrium to R ventricle.

Question 9

Where does atresia originate from?

Answer 9

A (english)- “without”

Tresis (greek)- “perforation”

Question 10

How could a child with tricuspid atresia survive?

Answer 10

If they had atrial septal defect and a VSD (to allow blood to pass from one atrium to next then through L ventricle to R to reach pulm artery)

Question 11

List the acyanotic heart defects

Answer 11

Atrial septal defect (ASD), patent foramen ovale (PFO), ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), Coarctation of the Aorta, Aortic Stenosis