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Peads > Congenital Heart Defects > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Defects Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most apparent signs in paediatric congestive heart failure?

A

Hepatomegaly
Cyanosis
Murmors

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2
Q

What are the 3 main ways congenital heart defects present?

A

Heart Failure

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3
Q

Whats are the symptoms of heart failure in an infant?

A

Feeding difficulties (sweating)
Tachyponea
Faltering Growth
Marked oedema (sacral)

Hepatomegaly / Cyanosis / Murmors

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4
Q

Whats are the symptoms of heart failure in an toddler?

A

Reduced appetite
Reduced activities

Hepatomegaly / Cyanosis / Murmors

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5
Q

Whats are the symptoms of heart failure in an Older Children?

A 
Exercise intolerance / Fatigue 
Hepatomegaly 
Orthopnea 
Oedema  
Abdominal Pain

Hepatomegaly / Cyanosis / Murmors

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6
Q

What is the most common heart defects found in downs?

A

Septal (50% of downs have a cardiac issue)

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7
Q

What are the murmur found in downs heart defects? (3)

A

Ventricular septal = Pan-systolic
Atrial septal = Ejection systolic

Atrio-ventricular = Pan-systolic

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8
Q

Why is a ventricular septal defect pan-systolic?

A

Blood goes straight from ventricle to ventricle
(mostly from left to right)
No valves to overcome so all over systole

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9
Q

Why is a Atrial septal defect Ejection systolic?

A

Blood does not go through the valve = Flow murmur from right ventricle systole

Blood flows into right atria from both left atria & vena cave = more blood than normal
= More blood entering the right ventricle
= More blood exiting during systole

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10
Q

Why is a Atrio-ventricular septal defect pan-systolic?

A

The ventricular septal defect dominates

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11
Q

What is the murmur in patent ductus arteriosus?

A

‘Machine like’ constant mummer

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12
Q

Why is the murmur in patent ductus arteriosus constant?

A

Aortic arch & pulmonary trunk are linked and due to the constant changes of pressure in the cardiac system blood will constantly be flowing through the ductus creating background noise.

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13
Q

What murmurs are pathological in children? (3)

A

Diastolic mummers
Murmurs which change with positioning
Murmurs which can be heard across the heart

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14
Q

What is another name for DeGeorge syndrome?

A

22q11.2 deletion

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15
Q

What cardiac abnormalities can be present in DeGeorge?

A

Truncus/Ductus arteriosis

Ventricular septal defects

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16
Q

What are other non-cardiac features of DeGeorge?

A

CATCH-22

C-ardiac issues
A-bnormal face
T-hymic aplasia (only give radiated blood)
C-left palate
H-ypoparathyriodism (monitor calcium) 
22-q11.2 deletion
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17
Q

What is the main common congenital heart defects in Downs (T21)?

A

Atrio-ventricalar septal defects

18
Q

What is the main common congenital heart defects in Edwards (T18)?

A

Atrio-septal defects

19
Q

What is the main common congenital heart defects in DeGeorge (22q11.2)?

A

Interrupted aortic arch (often truncus) +/- Ventricular septal defec

20
Q

What is the main common congenital heart defects in Turners (45XO)?

A

Bicuspid aortic valve

21
Q

What is the main common congenital heart defects in Prolonged QT?

A

Ventricular dysrithmia

22
Q

What are the most common causes of Patent Ductus Arteiosis?

A

Premature Birth
Rubella infection during pregnancy
Being Female
DeGeorge (22q11.2)

23
Q

What causes Epstine’s abnormality?

A

Lithium during birth

24
Q

What is Epstine’s abnormality?

A

Abnormally small right ventricle
Floppy Tricuspid valve
Atrioseptal defect

All leading to a dilated right atrium

25
Q

What is the murmur heard in Epstines abnormality?

A

Low systolic mummer over tricuspid valve

26
Q

What are the symptoms of foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

Smooth philtrum & small lip

Ventricular septal defects (pan-systolic)

27
Q

What congenital heart defect are babies with diabetic mothers more likely to develop?

A

Translocation of the great arteries (aorta from RV and pulmonary trunk from LV)

Presents early
Unchanged O2 sats from high flow O2

28
Q

What congenital heart defect are babies with Rubella mothers more likely to develop?

A

Patent ductus artiosis

29
Q

What congenital heart defect are babies with Lupus mothers more likely to develop?

A

Complete Heart Block

30
Q

What is Hydrops Fetalis?

A

Accumulation of fluid within featal compartments (plural or pericardial effusions)

31
Q

What increases the risk of Hydrops Fetalis?

A

Maternal viral infections (CMV / Rubella / PV-B19)
Pre-Eclamsia
Iron deficiency
Polyhydramnios

32
Q

What medication should NEVER be given in Translocation of the great arteries TGA

A

Ibuprofen

Inhibits prostoglandin synthesis

Prostoglanins are used to keep the ductus arteriosis open (acts as a shunt)

Atrial & Ventricle Defects help shunt too

33
Q

What is a dangerous side effect of Prostaglandin E?

A

Increases temperature = danger of missing sepsis

34
Q

What is computation of the aorta?

A

Narrowing of the Aorta

35
Q

How does computation of the aorta cause cerebral aneurysms?

A

Blood pressure increases due to Low blood pressure in the kidneys receptors
= Increase in Blood pressure in the upper body (before the stenosis)

36
Q

What clinical sign can be used to identify computation of the aorta?

A

Weak femoral pulses vs carotid/brachial pulses

37
Q

What is the treatment of computation of the aorta?

A

Angioplasty +/- stent

38
Q

What are the structural changes in Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Right ventricular outflow obstruction
Large ventricular septal defect

39
Q

What is the RSV prophylaxis used in babies with congenital heart defects?

A

Palivizumab

40
Q

What does the Respiratory syncytial virus cause?

A

Bronchiolitis

Peads (2 decks)

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